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Chapter 11 Gases

Chapter 11 Gases. Pressure and Force. ____________ (P): the force per _________ on a surface. ________ (N): the force that will increase the speed of a ___________ by _____________ each second the force is applied. ___________: a device used to measure ______________ pressure. 11-2.

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Chapter 11 Gases

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  1. Chapter 11 Gases

  2. Pressure and Force ____________ (P): the force per _________ on a surface. ________ (N): the force that will increase the speed of a ___________ by _____________ each second the force is applied. ___________: a device used to measure ______________ pressure. 11-2

  3. Units of Pressure Millimeters of Mercury: _________ = 1 torr Atmosphere: _______ = 760 mm Hg Pascal: the pressure exerted by a force of _________ acting on an area of _____________. 1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 Pa 1 atm = 101.325 KPa ______: standard temperature and pressure, 0oC and 1 atm. Pounds per Square Inch (psi): 1 atm = ________ 11-3

  4. Practice Ex. The barometer reads 758 mm Hg. What is the ________________________ in Pa? 758 mm Hg x 1.01325 x 105 Pa = 1.01 x 105 Pa 760 mm Hg 1) The air pressure in a tire is 109 kPa. What is the pressure in atm? 11-4

  5. Dalton’s Law ________________: the pressure of each gas in a mixture of gases. _____________: the ___________ of a gas mixture is the ______________________ of the component gases. PT = P1 + P2 + P3 … 11-5

  6. Boyle’s Law _______________: the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature. _________________ Ex. A gas occupies a volume of ________ at a pressure of ________ and temp. _______. When the pressure is changed, the volume becomes _______. If there is no change in temp., what is the new pressure? (1.01 KPa) (458 ml) = P2 (477 ml) P2 = 0.970 kPa 11-6

  7. Practice P1V1 = P2V2 2) A gas occupies a volume of 2.45L at a pressure of 1.03 atm and temp. 293 K. What volume will the gas occupy if the pressure changes to 0.980 atm and the temp. remains the same? 11-7

  8. Charles’s Law _____________: the given value of zero in the Kelvin temperature scale. K = 273.15 + oC _____________: the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure varies directly with the ______________. __________ Ex. What will be the volume of a gas sample at ________ if it’s volume at __________? Assume that the pressure is constant. 3.42L = V2 215K 309K V2 = 4.92L 11-8

  9. Practice 3) A gas sample at 83oC occupies a volume of 1400m3. At what temperature will it occupy 1200m3? Assume that the pressure is constant. 11-9

  10. Gay-Lussac’s Law ______________: the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume varies directly with the ______________. P1 = P2 T1 T2 Ex. The gas in a container is at a pressure of __________ at __________. Directions on the container warn the user not the keep it in a place where the temp exceeds ________. What would the pressure in the container be at 52oC? 3.00 atm = P2 298K325K P2 = 3.27 atm 11-10

  11. Practice P1 = P2 T1 T2 4) At 120oC the pressure of a sample of nitrogen is 1.07 atm, What will the pressure be at 205oC, assuming constant volume? 11-11

  12. Combined Gas Law P1 V1 = P2 V2 T1 T2 ____________________: expresses the relationship between pressure, volume and temp (K) of a fixed amount of gas. Ex. A helium balloon has a volume of ________________ and _________. What volume will it have at _______________? (1.08 atm)(50.0L) = (0.855 atm)V2 298 K283 K V2 = 60. L 11-12

  13. Gas Volumes ______________________________________: at a constant temp and pressure, the ___________ of gaseous reactants and products can be expressed as ratios of small whole numbers. (____________ in balanced eq. can represent ______________!) _________________: equal volumes of gases at the same temp. and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. ___________ Volume = k(constant) x n(moles) _____________________: the volume occupied by one mole of a gas at STP is 22.4L. 11-13

  14. Practice Ex. What volume does 0.0685 mol of gas occupy at STP? 0.0685 mol x 22.4 L = 1.53 L 1 mol Ex. What quantity of gas, in moles, is contained in 2.21 L at STP? 2.21L x 1 mol = 0.0987 mol 22.4 L At STP, what is the volume of 7.08 mol of nitrogen gas? 11-14

  15. Gas Stoich Given a volume, find a volume: Ex. When ________ of hydrogen reacts with bromine, what volume of HBr is produced? _________________ 0.75L H2 x 2L HBr =1.5L HBr 1L H2 11-15

  16. Practice 6) What volumes of sulfur dioxide and dihydrogen sulfide gases are necessary to produce 11.4 L of water vapor? 11-16

  17. Gas Stoich Ex. How many liters of CO2 are produced at STP when 400.00g of CaCO3 react with HCl? CaCO3 + HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O ________________________________ 400.00g CaCO3 x 1mol CaCO3 x 1mol CO2 x 22.4L 100.04g CaCO3 1mol CaCO31mol CO2 = ______________ 11-17

  18. Gas Stoich Ex. Find the mass of sugar required to produce __________at STP in the rxn: C6H12O6 → 2C2H6O + 2 CO2 1.82L CO2 x 1mol CO2 x 1molC2H12O6 x 180.18gC6H12O6 22.4L 2mol CO2 1 mol = ____________________ 11-18

  19. Ideal Gas Law _____________: the mathematical relationship among pressure, volume, temperature and the number of moles of a gas. Ideal Gas Law: ______________ How R (the ideal gas law constant) is derived: R = (1 atm)(22.4L) = _________________ (1 mol)(273K) 11-19

  20. Ideal Gas Law Ex. If the pressure exerted by a gas at ____ in a volume of ______________, how many moles of gas are present? (5.00atm)(0.0010L) = n(0.0821atmL/molK)(273K) n = __________________ 11-20

  21. Practice 7) What volume would be occupied by 100. g of oxygen gas at a pressure of 1.50 atm and a temp. of 25oC? 11-21

  22. Diffusion and Effusion ____________________: rates of effusion of gases at the same temperature and pressure are __________________ to the _______________ of their molar masses. rate of effusion of A = √MB rate of effusion of B √MA 11-22

  23. Diffusion and Effusion rate of effusion of A = √MB rate of effusion of B √MA Ex. Compare the rate of effusion of hydrogen and oxygen at the same temp. and pressure. rate of effusion of H2 = √32.00 g/mol = 3.98 rate of effusion of O2 √2.02 g/mol 11-23

  24. Ch. 11 The End! 11-25

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