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Office of the State Fire Marshal Department of Fire Services

Office of the State Fire Marshal Department of Fire Services. Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm Inspection Requirements for One and Two Family Dwellings. Presentation Scope:

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Office of the State Fire Marshal Department of Fire Services

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  1. Office of the State Fire Marshal Department of Fire Services Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm Inspection Requirements for One and Two Family Dwellings

  2. Presentation Scope: This program will outline the inspection requirements for smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) alarms in one and two family dwellings as it relates to MGL c. 148 s. 26F, 26F ½, 527 CMR 31, and 527 CMR 32. Included in the program will be a review of the recently adopted 7th Edition One and Two Family Dwelling Code (780 CMR).

  3. Smoke & CO Alarm Inspection Requirements One and Two Family Dwellings Only: Single Family: Duplexes:

  4. Smoke & CO Alarm Inspection Requirements The presentation does NOT cover multiple family dwellings:

  5. One and Two Family Dwellings Subject to MGL c. 148 s. 26F

  6. MGL c. 148 s. 26F Residential buildings or structures; equipping with smoke detectors upon sale or transfer

  7. MGL c. 148 s. 26F All buildings or structures occupied in whole or in part for residential purposes and not regulated by sections 26A, 26B or 26C shall, upon the sale or transfer of such building or structure, be equipped by the seller with approved smoke detectors as provided in section 26E. The head of the fire department shall enforce the provisions of this section. The provisions of section 30 shall not apply to this section.

  8. What are Sections. 26A, 26B, and 26C? • Section 26A: Sprinkler systems in high-rises. • Section 26B: • Residential buildings must have a automatic fire warning system as required in the Massachusetts State Building Code (MSBC – 780 CMR). • Section 26C: • Smoke/heat detectors in apartment houses containing 6 or more dwelling units, hotels, boarding or lodging houses, or family hotels.

  9. MGL c. 148 s. 26B Every building ≤ 70’ in height above the mean grade erected or substantially altered to be occupied for residential purposes shall be protected with an approved automatic fire warning system in accordance with the provisions of the state building code. Such system shall include the features of automatic smoke detection in conjunction with the approved fire detection devices. The head of the fire department as defined in section one shall enforce the provisions of this section.

  10. MSBC MSBC was first adopted on January 1st, 1975. - It was the 2nd Edition. - There was never a 1st Edition. Since 1975 there has always been a MSBC in effect. Only residential structures built prior to 1975, and not substantially altered to constitute new are subject to MGL c. 148 s. 26E.

  11. MGL c. 148 s. 26E (a) All one and two family dwellings occupied in whole or in part for residential purposes and not regulated by section 26A or 26B shall be equipped with approved smoke detectors.

  12. MGL c. 148 s. 26E Owners of such buildings or structures shall install either an approved monitored battery powered smoke detector or an approved primary power smoke detector on each level of habitation and on the basement level; provided, however, that the head of the fire department shall allow the installation of approved monitored battery powered smoke detectors.

  13. MGL c. 148 s. 26E Such approved smoke detectors shall be installed in the followingmanner; an approved smoke detector shall be installed on the ceiling of each stairway leading to the floor above, near the base of, but not within each stairway and an approved smoke detector shall be installed outside each separate sleeping area.

  14. MGL c. 148 s. 26E Summary Approved smoke detectors shall be installed on: - Each level of habitation. On the ceiling of each stairway leading to the floor above, near the base of, but not within each stairway. - The basement level. On the ceiling of each stairway leading to the floor above, near the base of, but not within each stairway. - Outside each separate sleeping area.

  15. MGL c. 148 s. 26D As used in this section and sections 26E and 26F the following terms shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:—

  16. MGL c. 148 s. 26D Approved monitored battery power smoke detector shall be a smoke detector which is activated by a battery power source provided that the battery is monitored to assure that the following conditions are met: (a) a distinctive audible trouble signal is given before the battery is incapable of operating the device for alarm purposes, and that such audible trouble signal is produced at least once every minute for seven consecutive days, and (b) the unit is capable of producing an alarm signal for at least four continuous minutes at the battery voltage at which a trouble signal is normally obtained followed by seven days of trouble signal operation, and (c) the monitored batteries meeting these specifications are clearly identified on the unit near the battery compartment.

  17. MGL c. 148 s. 26D Approved primary power smoke detector shall be a smoke detector which is activated by being permanently wired to a source of alternating current electric power or connected to a source of alternating current electric power by an UL approved cord with a strain relief and plug retainer; provided, that: (a) all power supplies shall be sufficient to operate the alarm signal for at least 4 continuous minutes, and (b) all such detector systems shall be installed in accordance with the Massachusetts Electrical Code.

  18. MGL c. 148 s. 26D Separate sleeping area shall mean the area or areas of the dwelling unit in which the bedrooms, or sleeping rooms, are located. Bedrooms, or sleeping rooms, separated by other use areas such as kitchens or living rooms, but not bathrooms, shall be considered as separate sleeping areas.

  19. Detector Example SD SD SD

  20. Detector Example SD

  21. Detector Example SD

  22. Detector Example SD

  23. Detector Example SD SD

  24. Detector Example SD SD SD SD

  25. One and Two Family Dwellings Subject to MGL c. 148 s. 26F½

  26. MGL c. 148 s. 26F½ a) Every dwelling, building or structure, occupied in whole or in part for residential purposes, that: (1) contains fossil-fuel burning equipment including, but not limited to, a furnace, boiler, water heater, fireplace or any other apparatus, appliance or device that burns fossil fuel; or (2) incorporates enclosed parking within its structure shall be equipped by the owner with working, approved carbon monoxide alarms in conformance with the requirements of the board of fire prevention regulations.

  27. MGL c. 148 s. 26F½ (b) The board of fire prevention regulations shall promulgate such regulations as may be necessary to effectuate this section including, but not limited to, the type, installation, location, maintenance and inspectional requirements of carbon monoxide alarms.

  28. MGL c. 148 s. 26F½ (c) Every dwelling, building or structure, occupied in whole or in part for residential purposes, shall, upon sale or transfer of such dwelling, building or structure, be inspected by the head of the fire department for compliance with the requirements of this section.

  29. MGL c. 148 s. 26F½ (d) The state building code may impose stricter carbon monoxide alarm requirements for new construction or dwellings, buildings, or structures substantially renovated so as to constitute the equivalent of new construction. Every such dwelling building or structure, occupied in whole or in part for residential purposes, shall, upon sale or transfer of such dwelling, building or structure, be inspected by the head of the fire department for compliance with the carbon monoxide alarm requirements of the state building code in effect on the date of the issuance of the relevant building permit.

  30. MGL c. 148 s. 26F½ (e) The head of the fire department shall enforce this section. (f) The department of public health shall promulgate such rules and regulations as may be necessary to effectuate subsection (a) into the state sanitary code as established under section 127A of chapter 111.

  31. 527 CMR 31.00 – CO Alarms

  32. 527 CMR 31.01 –Purpose and Scope The purpose of 527 CMR 31.00 is to provide minimum requirements for the type, installation, location, maintenance, and inspection of carbon monoxide alarms in every dwelling, building or structure in accordance with the provisions of MGL c. 148 s. 26F½.

  33. 527 CMR 31.01 –Purpose and Scope 527 CMR 31.00 shall apply to every dwelling, building or structure including those owned and operated by the Commonwealth, occupied in whole or in part for residential purposes, that: (a) contains fossil-fuel burning equipment or (b) incorporates enclosed parking within its structure.

  34. 527 CMR 31.02 – Definitions CO Alarm Protection shall mean CO alarm protection that may consist of either: (a) battery powered and wireless appliances, or (b) ac plug-in with battery back up, or (c) ac primary power source with battery back up, or (d) low voltage or wireless systems with secondary power, or (e) Combination Appliance.

  35. 527 CMR 31.02 – Definitions At a minimum, all such CO Alarm Protection equipment shall operate as a Single Station Alarm Device or Single Station CO Alarm.

  36. 527 CMR 31.02 – Definitions Combination Appliance – Shall mean a combination photoelectric smoke detector and CO alarm which may be battery or ac powered with battery back up. A combination ionization detector and carbon monoxide alarm which may be battery or ac powered, with battery back up, may be utilized if it is installed not less than 20’ from any bathroom or kitchen entryway.

  37. 527 CMR 31.02 – Definitions Combination Appliance – Such Combination Appliances shall employ both simulated voice and tone alarm features which clearly distinguishes between CO and smoke notification, in accordance with NFPA 720: 5.3.4.

  38. 527 CMR 31.02 – Definitions Dwelling Unit – A single unit providing facilities for living and sleeping. Habitable – Shall mean that portion of a cellar, basement or attic that is designed, used or furnished for living purposes.

  39. 527 CMR 31.02 – Definitions Enclosed Parking – A structure or an area or room, or floor or level thereof, enclosed within an the overall building or structure or attached thereto that is designed or used for the parking of vehicles and does not comply with the minimum exterior wall opening requirements in 780 CMR 406.1.1: Open Parking Structure (MSBC – 6th Edition).

  40. 527 CMR 31.02 – Definitions Enclosed Parking – A structure or an area or room, or floor or level thereof, enclosed within an the overall building or structure or attached thereto that is designed or used for the parking of vehicles and does not comply with the minimum exterior wall opening requirements in 780 CMR 406.1.1: Open Parking Structure (MSBC – 6th Edition).

  41. 527 CMR 31.02 – Definitions Fossil Fuel Burning Equipment – Any device, apparatus or appliance which is designed or used to consume fuel of any kind which emits CO monoxide as a by-product of combustion.

  42. 527 CMR 31.02 – Definitions NFPA 720 – Shall mean National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 720 entitled “Standard for the Installation of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Warning Equipment in Dwelling Units”, 2005 Edition. Note: Although not enforceable by 527 CMR, the 2009 NFPA 720 has been published.

  43. 527 CMR 31.02 – Definitions Residential Structures – Shall include any dwelling, building or structure classified as use group R-1 with six or less dwelling units or R-2 through R-5, as defined in 780 CMR (6th Edition) and those unclassified occupancies that have the same characteristics as a R-1 use group with less than six dwelling units or R-2 through R-5.

  44. 527 CMR 31.03 – General Provisions (4) The installation of CO detectors in accordance with 527 CMR 30.00, relating to certain Unvented Propane or Natural Gas-fired Space Heaters, if applicable, shall satisfy the requirements of 527 CMR 31.00 for that level on which such heater is located, provided the installation complies with 527 CMR 31.04(1)(a) and (b).

  45. 527 CMR 31.03 – General Provisions (5) The installation of CO detectors in accordance with 248 CMR, The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Fuel Gas and Plumbing Code, if applicable, shall satisfy the requirements of 527 CMR 31.00 for that level on which the direct vented gas appliance is located, provided the installation complies with 527 CMR 31.04(1)(a) and (b).

  46. 527 CMR 31.03 – General Provisions (6) Effective December 1, 2006, a permit shall be obtained from the Head of the Fire Department for all installations which employ one or more of the CO Alarm protection options (technical options) listed in 527 CMR 31.05. The Marshal shall prescribe a uniform application form for such permit.

  47. 527 CMR 31.04 – Specific Installation Provisions (1) Residential Structures. Effective March 31, 2006, every Residential Structure that presently or in the future contains Fossil Fuel Burning Equipment or has enclosed parking shall be equipped, by the owner, landlord or superintendent, with working and Listed CO Alarm Protection.

  48. 527 CMR 31.04 – Specific Installation Provisions (a) CO Alarm Protection shall be located in each level of each Dwelling Unit including Habitable portions of basements, cellars and attics, but not including crawl spaces. The installation of said unit shall be located in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

  49. 527 CMR 31.04 – Specific Installation Provisions (b) When mounting CO Alarm Protection on a level of a Dwelling Unit with a sleeping area, the alarm shall be installed in the immediate vicinity of the sleeping area. At a minimum, the alarm shall be located outside of any bedroom, but shall not exceed 10’ as measured in any direction from any bedroom door.

  50. Detector Example CO

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