MRS. CONTRERAS Language Arts 9 th Grade – Eng I IGCSE Honors Room C209

1. Welcome Braddock Bulldogs!!! MRS. CONTRERASLanguage Arts9th Grade – Eng I IGCSE Honors Room C209 2006-2007

2. Home Learning PASS TO THE FRONT: On Monday, 1/29: • Grammar Hdt 245-252. On Tuesday, 1/30: • Have sentence outline for analytical research paper. Refer to format guidelines on pgs 46-47 of "Overview of the Writing Process" handout (look under arrangement). Yours must not be a topic outline but a full sentence outline with introduction and conclusion. Refer to this and MLA format packet when writing your paper and works cited page.

3. Weekly Forecast1/29/07 – 2/2/07 • Monday – FCAT Practice (LAA227, LAE221 packet pg 30-33). Use remaining class time to work on PP presentation slides for Friday. • Tuesday – Commas in series/coordinate adjectives, nonessential elements, introductory phrases, adverb clauses and antithetical phrases (253-260). In class reading of Arthur Miller's "The Crucible“ • Wednesday – In class reading of Arthur Miller's "The Crucible“ • Thursday – In class reading of Arthur Miller's "The Crucible" • Friday – Group PP Presentation (Romanticism 1790-1839) & John Keats's "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" & "Lamia" (packet)

4. Home Learning By Monday, 2/5: • Read what we don't finish of "The Crucible" in class for homework. • Read from packet - Keats's "Lamia", "Ode on a Grecian Urn", "The Eve of St. Agnes", "La Belle Dame Sans Merci", "Ode to Psyche" & "Ode to a Nightingale." Read Wordsworth "She dwelt among the untrodden ways". Read P.B. Shelley "Song to the Men of England" & Charles Lamb "The Old Familiar Faces." • Read from textbook - Wordsworth "The World is too Much With Us" & "My Heart Leaps Up" (pg 899) • Complete Lit. Anal. Form/Take notes for each of the above. (Remember these are set texts that may be on your examination. You’ll want your notes for review before the test.) • Extra credit showing of "The Crucible" after school this Thursday (C209). Have a great week!

5. The Age of Romanticism Language Arts 02/02/07 Period:6

6. Introduction • Introduction & the Age of Romanticism: Fryda Guedes & Osmel Liriano • Historical Highlights: Karen Cortina & Carson Berg • Arts & Culture: Sydney Asensio & Gustavo Gutierrez

7. Introduction • Timeline: Mercedes Vallina • Romanticism & PowerPoint Presentation & Conclusion: Stacy Pereda & Natalie Borrego • John Keats’s “La Belle Dame Sans Merci.”: Marianne Liens & Nicole Ajuria

8. Expressions of the Heart: Elements of TheAge of Romanticism

9. Around the end of the 18th century, a movement we know call Romanticism began in Europe. (Applebee 870) Romanticism— The movement came as a part of the Anti-Enlightenment, where science and reason was rejected and replaced by “nature, emotion and individual experience” (870). Aspects of the Age of Romanticism Enlightened Ideas Revolutionary Fervor The Spread of Nationalism Idealized Nature

10. Enlightenment Ideas Out of the many philosophers of the Enlightenment, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke were two of the most prominent ones. They both strongly believed that all men were equal (870) “France was the birthplace of Romanticism’s spiritual father, Jean Jacques Rousseau” (870) In his Social Contract, Rousseau spoke of agreements that could be made between the government and its citizens in order for each to benefit the other. These did not necessarily always benefit the individual person, but worked towards satisfying the general will of the people. Both he and John Locke supported this pact because it allowed the people more natural freedom. (Wikipedia) Jean-Jacques Rousseau Courtesy of Wikipedia Images

11. Revolutionary Fervor Romanticist thought supported the idea of both human and civil rights (Applebee 871) In 1789, the French Revolution began because of peasants who dared to storm the Bastille, a notorious prison in Paris. The Revolution occurred right before the Romanticist movement. (871) This same Revolution sparked revolutions all throughout Europe. (871) The Greeks began fighting for independence against Ottoman Turks in 1821 (877) A Decembrist revolt took place in Russia in 1825 (877) French Revolution– Courtesy of Google Images

12. Spread of Nationalism Nationalism— “devotion to one’s nation rather than to a ruler” (871) Napoleon Bonaparte of France Napoleon Bonaparte sought to conquer the European Continent on behalf of the country of France (871) His egotistical nature and spirit only served to enhance and inspire a sense of nationalism all across Europe. Napoleon- Courtesy of Yahoo Images Napoleon- Courtesy of Yahoo Images

13. Idealization of Nature Artists as well as writers now looked to Nature for inspiration. Due to the Industrial Revolution occurring at around the same time, the peace that existed in living among nature became more distant and treasured. John Constable, an artist of the Age of Romanticism, emphasized the “tranquility and beauty” of the nature that surrounded him while he still lived in his homeland (870). & Brighton Beach by Constable- Courtesy of Google Images Salisbury Cathedral by Constable- Courtesy of Google Images

14. HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS Images by ask.com

15. STRUGGLES FOR INDEPENDANCE • In the 19th century Europe was plunged into an era of revolutionary independence. • There were many revolutions being fought, but the first one to succeed was Greece in 1830. • That same year Belgium also won their independence. • But not all wars that were fought won. For example, in 1825 Czar Nicholas crushed the rebels that tried to paralyze his government. • The spark for the revolutions burned once more when France decided that they wanted to go against their king again. • There were many other countries, such as Austria, Hungary, and Germany, that tried to gain independence but didn’t succeed. This didn’t mean that their spirits were crushed too, on the contrary, the wanted more than ever to gain freedom. Images by ask.com

16. REVOLUTION INDUSTRY • It started in Great Britain in the 1700s while the rest of Europe was in rebellion, revolutions, and outbreaks of political and social disorder (p873). • Industrialization was to have positive long term effect, but the short term was very bad (p873). • Some of the problems it caused was pollution, child and women labor, the beautiful landscapes were being destroyed, working conditions weren’t safe, and cities were over populated (p873). • when reformers tried to fix these problems, they were stopped by the revolution(p873). • These reforms eventually caused the death or romanticism, which was quickly replaced by realism(p873). Images by ask.com

17. Basic review: Age of Enlightenment • Occurred right after the renaissance ( 1700 – early 1800) • Touched all aspects of human life. • Science and reason • Philosophers such as Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau, Humes and Montesquieu stated that the power of reason was equal in all people. • People challenged the authority of the…. • church. • rights of government • upper class privileges • Peoples rights • Era foreshadowing romanticism. Powered by Google

18. French revolution… • Inspired in part by Rousseau's ideas about individual value. • Conflict began because of the poor social and economic condition of France in the late1700. • Taxes raised and income was lowered on the poor. • Battle began in July 21, 1789. • Positive charge: feudalism ended, country declared republic, new French constitution. • Negative charge: reign of terror. • In the reign of terror, anyone that could be a potential enemy of the new French revolution was judged and killed • About ten thousand deaths.

19. rise N a p o l e o n fall • Many wars fought in the 1700 to defend the new French republic. • a young, heroic general by the name of Napoleon Bonaparte became the leader of these wars. • In 1804, he crowned himself emperor of France. • Very ambitious. • Planned to conquer all of Europe. • Europe rose against napoleon • He invaded Russia and loss 500000 men in the battle. • Was defeated in 1815 at the battle of waterloo.

26. Events in European Romanticism • 1793- French painter Jacques Louis David paints The Murder of Marat. • 1794- William Blake publishes Songs of Experience • 1797- Samuel Taylor Coleridge writes “Kubla Khan” (published in 1816) • 1798- William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge publish Lyrical Ballads • 1800- Dorothy Wordsworth begins keeping her Grasmere Journals • 1804- Ludwig van Beethoven completes Symphony No. 3, Eroica • 1805- J.M.W. Turner paints Shipwreck • 1808- Goethe publishes Faust, Part 1 • 1818- Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein published anonymously • 1819- Percy Bysshe Shelley writes “Ode to the West Wind”; John Keats writes “Ode on a Grecian Urn” • 1820- Blake illustrates the Book of Job • 1821- Keats, age 25, dies of tuberculosis • 1822- Shelley, age 32, drowns off coast of Italy • 1824- Lord Byron, age 38, dies of fever • 1827- Heine publishes The Book of Songs; Beethoven dies; Blake dies • 1832- Goethe publishes Faust, Part 2; Goethe dies; French writer George Sand publishes Indiana • 1833- Russian poet and novelist, Aleksandr Pushkin, publishes Eugene Onegin • 1834- Victor Hugo’s novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame becomes a bestseller; Coleridge dies • 1843- William Wordsworth appointed poet laureate of England • 1844- French writer Alexandre Dumas publishes best-selling novel The Count of Monte Cristo • 1845- Hugo begins writing Les Miserables (published in 1862)

27. John Keats dies of tuberculosis • John Keats was born on October 31, 1795 in London. • He had four siblings and lost both of his parents: his father died from a fractured skull and his mother died from a disease called tuberculosis. • Keats was one of the most influential poets during the English Romantic movement. When he first began creating poems, he was often criticized for his work. However, towards the mid-nineteenth century, his work was being appreciated more often than not. • Keats later on found himself taking care of his brother, Tom Keats, who had developed the fatal disease as well. • When Keats left to Scotland and Ireland, he began having symptoms of tuberculosis. Therefore, causing him to return home where his brother resided. • When his brother died, Keats moved in with a friend, where he began having a relationship with the neighbor. By 1820, the relationship diminished due to the fact that Keats’ health was progressing for the worse. • The doctors told him to move to Italy, where the weather was more helpful to his health. • Nevertheless, he died on February 23, 1821 and was buried in a Protestant Cemetery in Rome. On his tombstone it does not say his name, but “Here lies one whose name was writ in water,” which was a request of his.

28. Events in European History • 1792- France declared a republic • 1793- Mass executions carried out in France as the Reign of Terror begins (to 1794); French king Louis XVI executed by guillotine • 1796- Spain declares war on Britain • 1799- Coup d’etat establishes Napoleon as dictator of France • 1800- Act of Union passed, creating United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland • 1804- Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France • 1805- Napoleon begins conquering most of Europe (to 1814) • 1807- British slave trade abolished • 1812- Napoleon invades Russia; Britain fights United States in War of 1812 • 1814- Congress of Vienna opens, seeking to remake Europe after Napoleon’s downfall • 1815- Allied armies under British leader Wellington defeat Napoleon at Waterloo; Napoleon banished to St. Helena • 1821- Greeks begin war for independence • 1825- Decembrist revolt in Russia crushed • 1830- Greece wins full independence from Ottoman Turks; Belgium declares independence from the Netherlands; Charles X of France is removed from power by revolution and is succeeded by Louis Philippe. • 1834- Spanish Inquisition finally suppressed after six centuries. • 1837- Victoria becomes queen of Great Britain • 1842- Riots and strikes break out in the industrial regions of England • 1843- Military revolt in Spain • 1848- Revolution in France leads to the establishment of Second Republic; Louis Napoleon elected president of France; revolutions sweep across Europe

29. British slave trade abolished • The British slave trade was a constant struggle during the early 1800’s. • In 1805, the House of Commons passed a bill making it illegal to participate in the capture and transport of slaves. • This bill did not get enforced due to the fact that the House of Lords didn’t approve. • In February of 1806, speeches were held towards the fight against slave trades. Lord Greenville, for instance, stated that the trade was “contrary to the principles of justice, humanity and sound policy” and criticized fellow members for “not having abolished the trade long ago”. • Fortunately, a vote took place in order to pass the Abolition of the Slave trade bill, which became a law on March 25th, 1807. • Though violators of this law were heavily fined, slaves were still being traded by British captains. • Either way, later on in 1833 slavery became illegal with the Slavery Abolition Act.

30. Events in World History • 1790- Philadelphia becomes capital of the United States • 1794- Eli Whitney patents cotton gin, paving the way for increasing slavery by making it more profitable • 1799- George Washington dies • 1801- Thomas Jefferson becomes president of the United States (to 1809) • 1803- United States buys Louisiana Territory from France; Robert Fulton powers boat by steam • 1804- Haiti gains independence from France • 1810- Revolts in New Granada, Rio de la Plata, and Mexico • c. 1816- Zulu chief Shaka begins rule over large kingdom in southeastern Africa (to 1828) • 1821- Spain’s Latin American empire begins to collapse as Mexico, several Central American states, and Venezuela win independence • 1823- U.S. president Monroe issues Monroe Doctrine to keep Europe out of Latin America • 1824- Simon Bolivar liberates last Spanish colonies in Latin America • 1831- Nat Turner leads Virginia slave revolt • 1836- Texas gains independence from Mexico and becomes a republic • 1839- First Opium War between Britain and China begins • 1842- First Opium War between Britain and China ends • 1847- Liberia becomes independent republic • 1848- First U.S. women’s rights convention meets in Seneca Falls, New York; gold discovered in California

31. Haiti gains independence from France • Before the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804), Haiti was a colony of France, formerly known as Saint-Domingue. • Through bounteous African slave rebellions in the Western Hemisphere, the people of Haiti were able to free themselves from French colonization and slavery. • Haiti has been the first black republic that went from being a French colony to a self-governance country in a process that has left long lasting effects. • By establishing this system of governance, the effectiveness of violence and the amount of force used to control the majority is clearly seen. • Afterwards, a lighter-skinned group of Haitians took political and economical control.

32. Romanticism Romantic: “Writing that emphasizes the expression of intense emotion, intense interest in nature, individual experience, and imagination” (878). Romanticism: An intellectual and artistic movement beginning in Europe which lasted from the late 18th century and continued to the middle of the 19th century (878). This movement revolutionized the writing and ideas of Germany, England, and France (878). The qualities used in the writing of Romanticism are still used today in literature (878). Courtesy of Google Images

33. Revolt Against Neoclassicism • “The Neoclassicists valued, reason, form, and order.” On the other hand, “the Romantics celebrated spontaneous feeling and freedom from rules and conventions” (878). • These disagreements led the Romantics to rebel against the Neoclassics in the 18th century (878). • Additionally, the Neoclassics “wrote witty satiric essays, while “the Romantics wrote serious lyric poems about their experiences” (878).

34. Neoclassic Writers • Stressed reason and intellect • Wrote about objective issues • Respected the man-made institutions of church and state • Believed in order in all things • Maintained traditional standards • Focused on adult concerns, primarily those of the ruling class • Controlled emotion, which was often expressed in the form of wit • Followed formal rules and diction in poetry • Romantic Writers • Stressed emotions and imagination • Wrote about subjective experiences of the individual, such as desires, hopes, and dreams • Appreciated nature in all its creative and destructive forces • Believed in spontaneity in thought and action • Believed in experimentation • Reflected on the experiences of childhood, unsophisticated societies, and common people • Celebrated intense passion and vision • Sought a more natural poetic form and diction Charts courtesy of pg. 878

35. German Romanticism • This type of romanticism was, in fact, created by various movements(879). • Sturm und Drang, otherwise known as Storm and Stress, was one of the many movements that occurred around the 18th century and was the first to introduce Romanticism(879). • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the main character of The Sorrows of Young Werther, was the ideal Romantic hero(879). • Goethe, because of this, was one of the most important figures of this movement(879). • Later, this romanticism broadened its interests of supernatural legends(879).

36. English Romanticism • Most people usually refer to the Lyrical Ballads, written by Wordsworth and Coleridge, as the beginning of this period. (879) • Wordsworth believed that Romantic poetry was “the spontaneous overflow of powerful things.” (Applebee, 879) • The main representatives of the English Romantic movement were not only Wordsworth and Coleridge but also Blake, Byron, Shelly, and Keats. (879) • The unique aspect about these poets was that, believe or not, they used common language rather than the higher class language.(879) • Besides this previous statement, these poets also used the examples of nature to use their imagination better(879).

37. French Romanticism • In 1820, much after the other Romantic movements, the French Romantic movement(879). • The French Revolution had an enormous impact on French Romanticism. • People, in this period of time, demanded “a new society and a new literature,”(879). • Victor Hugo was writer who, at this time, was considered a leader of Romanticism because his writing stood for the freedom of Romanticism from the rules of neoclassicism(879). • Hugo wrote The Hunchback of Notre Dame to demonstrate how everyday people suffered(879).

38. Conclusion • Fryda and Osmel In conclusion, the Age of Romanticism was a time of creativity, poetic thought, and awareness of natural laws and rights (due to the influences of the Enlightenment). Philosophers, writers, artists, and leaders seemed to hold the same general ideas about society.  A love for nature, emotion, and freedom from the boundaries of civilization showed through in the many literary and artistic works of the time (From Napoleon Bonaparte to Jean Jacques Rousseau and John Constable). • Karen and Carson touched on some of the major aspects of the enlightenment, the French revolution, Napoleon bonaparte, the French independence, and the industrial revolution.

39. Conclusion • Sydney discussed how the Romantic movement came about, and many philosophers such as, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Arthur Schopenhauer began to expand their beliefs and theories they have created with reason. • Gustavo discussed the literature and the music in the Romantic Ages which were heavily focused on emotion, the individual, imagination, and nature. • Mercy discussed John Keats and his death due to tuberculosis, how the british slave trade was abolished, and how Haiti gained independence from France. These were all important events in history. • We discussed Romanticism, the intellectual and artistic movement in Europe in the 18th and 19th century(878). I, Natalie, talked about romantic writers and neoclassicists. I, Stacy, talked about the different Romantic movements that occurred in Europe, which were: German, English and French Romanticism.

40. La Belle Dame sans Merci A Ballad

41. Stanza I • It shows his emotional state. “Alone and palely loitering” (Keats 2) • The speaker doesn’t see any reason for the knight’s presence in the place he is in. “The sedge has withered…And no birds sing” (3).

42. Stanza II • Here the speaker talks about the knight’s physical and emotional conditions. (Keats 6) • When the author says, “The squirrel’s granary is full, and the harvest’s done,” he is trying to show that there is another better life that the knight could have (7).

43. Stanza III • In this stanza there is an elaboration on the knight’s mental state and physical appearance. • The lily is shown to be a sign of death. (Keats 9) • The rose is the flower o beauty and is used to show the beauty of this knight quickly fading away.

44. Stanzas IV-VI • These stanzas are all focused and the roles of the knights and the lady. • The first line of each stanza is focused on what the knight did for or toward the lady. The knight met her, made a garland for her head, and put her on his horse for a ride (Keats 13). • The rest of the lines focus on the lady, such as her physical appearance and sweet voice (15).

45. Stanza VII-IX • Stanza VII focuses completely on the lady. For example, “she found” and “she said” (Keats 25). • In stanza VIII, the first 2 lines are focused to the way that the lady is taking control. It says that she “took” him to a cave as if she took control over him (29). Then in the following lines it shows the knights actions towards the lady (31). • Stanza IX shows how the lady lulled him to sleep and how he dreamed (33).

46. Stanza X-XI • The knight here dreams about wealthy and important men, such as the kings, princes, and warriors (Keats 37) • When the speaker describes these men as “death pale” he is associating them with the knight and with death (38). • In stanza XI the knight awakens in a “cold hill” (44). This makes you imagine death.

47. Stanza XII • The repetition of the first stanza with this last one leads you to believe that he hasn’t physically gone anywhere. • This also shows he has somehow been emotionally moved by the dream.

48. Significance to Romanticism • In some way the poem reflects bad towards the warriors, princes, and kings. The way that the speaker says that they are “death pale” shows that somehow the government or politics isn't really at work (Keats 47). During the Enlightenment it was a time of an influence on political life (Applebee 870).

49. Nicole Ajuria Per.6 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge • 1. Define what the author means when he says, “Alone and palely loitering”. • 2. Recall the moments in which the knight shows that he too has love for the woman he mentions in the story. • 3. List the moments in which a sign of chivalry is being shown.

50. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension • 1. Describe the kind of environment the knight claims to be in at the end of the ballad. • 2. In your own words restate what the knight thinks of this wild-looking woman. • 3. Describe the clue’s in which the knight knew that the woman loved him.