Chapter 19 Lesson 2 Notes: Major Events of the French Revolution

1. Chapter 19 Lesson 2 Notes: Major Events of the French Revolution from the fleur de lis flag before the revolution to the tri-color flag during and since the revolution

2. After the 3rdEstate declares itself a NationalAssembly as the first deliberate act of the French Revolution; the Parisians storm the Bastille for weapons to defend the new National Assembly; the GreatFear, orchestrated by peasants, causes terrified French nobles, called émigrés, to flee their homeland, the: • Nat’l Assembly writes a bill of rights called the • DeclarationoftheRightsofMan and the Constitutionof1791 providing France with a limitedconstitutional monarchy in the name of Louis XVI

3. 1st Estate lands are confiscated and privileges • are revoked by a new anti- • Catholic law called • the CivilConstitutionoftheClergy to pay off the • state’s debts • Nat’l Assembly dissolves itself and a new

4. LegislativeAssembly is elected: • 1.Conservatives (royalists) sat on right side [of • center] = an absolute monarchy • 2.Radicals to the left [of center] = depose king; • establish republic • 3. Centrists (moderates) in middle = • limited constitutional monarchy

5. Problems faced by Leg. Assembly: • 1. émigrés work as counter-revolutionaries • 2. The ParisCommune, city government • radicals, supported by • sans-culottes, demands a • republic

6. 3. Austrian • Hapsburgs and Prussian • Hohenzollerns declare war on France • 4. royal family • attempts to • escape; is • imprisoned; • since a limited • monarchy is no • longer an option • the 1791 • Constitution • must be revoked;

7. Legislative Assembly dissolves itself • The NationalConvention is elected and • radicals, called • Jacobins, who lead the • Mountain, take control over • the conservatives called • Girondists • The monarchyis abolished;

8. introduction of a new killing machine

9. King Louis XVI is guillotined

10. France is declared a republic • Introduces universalmanhoodsuffrage (all • adult males given right to vote) • Institutes conscription (the draft of a citizen- • army) to defend against FirstCoalition, an • alliance of foreign countries determined to • prevent the revolution from spreading outside • of France

11. Aradical time period known as the • ReignofTerrorbegins July 1793: • 1. is led by 3 Jacobins: • Robespierre, the • most fanatical radical; (Robespierre carefully eyeing through groups of French citizens to determine which ones are “enemies” of the new French republic)

12. Danton, editor of a Paris Communeradical newspaper; and Marat another French revolutionary leader who will be assassinated in his bathtub. Charlotte Corday, Marat’s assassin

13. 2.these radical leaders establish a 12-member • court called the • CommitteeofPublicSafety, • that within a year’s time, will execute about • 40,000 enemies of the republic, including • Queen MarieAntoinette and Danton • 3. Terror ends in July 1794 with the • ThermidorianReaction when • Robespierre is beheaded • [“show my head to the people – it will be • worth it.”] • The Constitutionof • 1795 creates a 5-man moderateexecutive • branch called the • Directory to rule France and the Directory • chooses

14. NapoleonBonaparte to lead France’s citizen-army