Population Statistics

1. Population Statistics

2. Population Pyramids • Population pyramids are used to show information about the age and gender of people in a specific country. Male Female Population in millions

3. How to Read a Population Pyramid

4. Width of the Base • A wide base indicates a high birth rate • A narrow base shows a low birth rate

5. Symmetry • Pyramids should be symmetrical • Any asymmetry shows a difference in the male/female population • This pyramid shows more older women, they are living longer than the men

6. Shape of the Sides • Concave sides show high death rate (like this one) • Convex sides show low birth rate

7. Bumps in the Side • Irregularities in the sides show anomalies • The pyramid on the left shows the Baby Boom bulge • The pyramid on the right shows a large number of male migrant workers

8. Other Causes of Anomalies • Effect of disease • 22% of adults in Botswana have HIV

9. Preference for male babies • 118 males are born to every 100 females in China

10. The effect of war • Look at how many more old women there are than men in Poland • The sudden blip inwards in the Cambodia pyramid shows when the Cambodian Civil War was happening

11. 3 Basic Shapes of Population Pyramids

12. 1) Expansive Pyramid • Lots of young people • Rapid population growth

13. 2) Constrictive Pyramid • Fewer young people • Population growth is negative (it’s shrinking)

14. 3) Stationary Pyramid • Somewhat equal numbers for most age groups • Population growth is neutral/stable/slow

15. Demographic Transition Model

16. Stage 1 • Birth and death rates are very high • Population remains low and stable • Poor health care, lack of education for women, lack of birth control • Poor areas, isolated areas, pre-Industrial Revolution

17. Stage 2 • Death rate falls due to better health care, medical advancements • Birth rate remains high though due to lack of education • Population starts to grow rapidly • Peru, Sri Lanka

18. Stage 3 • Birth rates start to fall as education spreads, women start working too • Death rates continue to fall as health care and quality of life improve • Rapid population growth • China, Chile

19. Stage 4 • Birth and death rates start to level out • Population stabilizes as growth has slowed • High standard of living • Australia, Canada

20. Stage 5 • Birth rate falls below death rate, population starts to shrink • This is happening in places like Japan, where women have decided careers are more important than having children

21. Problems with the Demographic Transition Model • It assumes countries go through these stages in a certain order • Ex: some African countries are declining, like in stage 5, but it’s because of HIV/AIDs, not because they’re a highly industrialized country with a high standard of living

22. Into the Future…

23. Japan in 2000

24. Japan in 2025

25. Japan in 2050

26. India in 2000

27. India in 2025

28. India in 2050

29. Birth Rate (BR) • : the total number of live births per 1,000 of a population in a year • Formula: # of births x 1000 total population

30. Death Rate (DR) • : the total number of deaths per thousand people per year • Formula: # of deaths x 1000 total population

31. Natural Increase Rate (NIR) • BR – DR • How much is the population increasing naturally, ie if immigration is not considered

32. Immigration Rate (IR) • : number of immigrants per 1,000 people per year • Immigrant: someone coming INTO the country • Formula: # of immigrants X 1000 total population

33. Emigration Rate (ER) • : number of emigrants leaving per 1,000 per year • Emigrant: someone leaving the country • Formula: # emigrants X 1000 total population

34. Net Migration Rate (NMR) • : IR – ER

35. Population Growth Rate Both will give you the exact same result Easier Formula (NIR + NMR) x 0.1 Longer Formula (# Births - # Deaths) + (#Immigrants - #Emigrants) x 100 Population

36. Why Use Rates?? • In a country with a small population, the impact of a population changes may be greater than a country with a larger population EVEN THOUGH the actual or absolute increase in numbers in greater in the larger country. • The rate of change may have a more significant impact.

37. Doubling Time • = the amount of years it takes for a population to double in size • We can find the doubling time for a population by using the Rule of 70. • = 70 / Growth Rate • For example, given Canada's net population growth of 0.9% in the year 2006, dividing 70 by 0.9 gives an approximate doubling time of 78 years.