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Plant Anatomy

Plant Anatomy. Most plants consists of 3 main parts: . 1. Roots: penetrate the soil to anchor plant and reach water source 2. Stems: supply rigid tissue that raise and support the leaves 3. Leaves: provide greater surface area to carry out photosynthesis.

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Plant Anatomy

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  1. PlantAnatomy

  2. Most plants consists of 3 main parts: • 1. Roots: penetrate the soil to anchor plant and reach water source • 2. Stems: supply rigid tissue that raise and support the leaves • 3. Leaves: provide greater surface area to carry out photosynthesis

  3. The plant kingdom is divided into 2 major groups: • 1. Vascular Plants: • Well developed root, leaves and stem system to conduct solutions throughout the plant; contain vascular tissue • 2. Non-Vascular Plants: • have no or poorly developed roots, leaves and stems

  4. Common Ancestor • Vascular and Non-Vascular plants probably arose from common ancestor: BLUE-GREEN ALGAE • Both use starch as their primary food source • Cellulose in cell wall • Use chlorophylls a & b during photosynthesis

  5. Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue to carry water and dissolved substances throughout the plant • Ex. mosses • Require moist environment • Can have impersonators!! • Restricted in size because no vascular tissue to support them or transport water upward

  6. Vascular Plants • Plants that contain vascular tissue to transport nutrients • Xylem = transports water • Phloem = transports organic matter • Two types: seedless and seed plants

  7. Vascular Plants - Seedless • Have vascular tissue • Do no produce seeds • Examples: Whisk ferns, horsetails, ferns

  8. Vascular Plants – Seed Plants • Gymnosperms • Form seeds without a seed coat • Seeds are attached to the scales of cones • Ex. conifers in Canada

  9. Vascular Plants – Seed Plants • Angiosperms • Flowering plant that forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary • Seeds either have one or two embryonic seed leaves called COTYLEDONS • Ex. trees, grasses, vegetables, wildflowers, herbs

  10. Angiosperms • ADVANTAGES: • Seed dispersal (apples, burrs, maple keys) • Protection • HUGE number of angiosperm species • Grouped into 2 sections: • Moncots (1 cotyledon) • Dicots (2 cotyledons)

  11. Monocots vs. Dicots • Monocots • Seed leaves: one cotyledon • Veins in leaves: usually parallel • Vascular bundles: scattered • Flower parts: multiples of 3 • Examples: grasses, orchids, lilies, tulips • Dicots • Seed leaves: two cotyledons • Veins in leaves: usually netlike • Vascular bundles: arranged in ring • Flower parts: multiples of 4 or 5 • Examples: most trees, wildflower species, lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes

  12. Summary

  13. Vascular Systems • Vascular Bundles • Transport material within the plant via stem • Dicots = ring of vascular bundles • Monocots = scattered vascular bundles • Tube-like strands connecting vascular tissue of roots to vascular tissue of leaves

  14. MONOCOTS DICOTS

  15. Xylem vs. Phloem • Xylem: • Transportation of water • Non-living cells • Phloem: • Transportation of food → TRANSLOCATION • Living Cells

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