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Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid Disorders. Endocrine Glands. Collection of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Adrenal glands, parathyroid glands, pancreas, pineal gland, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, thymus gland, thyroid gland. Thyroid Gland. (Hormone.org, 2012).

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Thyroid Disorders

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  1. Thyroid Disorders

  2. Endocrine Glands • Collection of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. • Adrenal glands, parathyroid glands, pancreas, pineal gland, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, thymus gland, thyroid gland

  3. Thyroid Gland (Hormone.org, 2012)

  4. Figure 12-7: Effects of thyroxine. (Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, Mulvhill, 2010)

  5. Thyroid • TSH • T3 • T4 • Disruption of hormones • Hyperthyroidism • Hypothyroidism (NIDDK, 2006)

  6. Hyperthyroidism • One of the most common hyperthyroid disorders • Graves’ Disease • More common in women than men

  7. Hyperthyroid Symptoms • Exophthalmos • Profuse perspiration • Hand tremors • Goiter • Weight loss • Nervousness/excitability • Rapid pulse • Polydipsia • Diarrhea • Insomnia

  8. Insert Figure 12-9: Thyroid goiter. (Newscom) (Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, Mulvhill, 2010)

  9. Hypothyroidism • Most common type of hypothyroidism • Hashimoto’s Disease • The thyroid doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone • Symptoms: • Fatigue, mental depression, feeling cold, weight gain, dry skin and hair, constipation, menstrual irregularities

  10. Thyroid Cancer • Most people have no symptoms • 4 types: • Papillary – slow growing – easily treated – rarely fatal • Follicular – again slow growing – rarely fatal • Medullary – less common – more aggressive • Anaplastic – least common – most aggressive

  11. Addison’s Disease • Adrenal Insufficiency • Adrenal glands cannot produce enough cortisol • OR • Pituitary gland fails to produce enouch adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) • Symptoms: • Chronic, worsening fatigue • Muscle weakness • Loss of appetite • Weight loss • Nausea/vomiting • Diarrhea • Craving for salty foods • Low blood glucose • Headache

  12. Cushing’s Syndrome • Caused by prolonged exposure of the body’s tissues to high levels of the hormone cortisol. • Relatively rare but risk factors: • Obesity • Type 2 diabetes • High blood pressure

  13. Cushing’s Syndrome • Signs & Symptoms: • Rounded face • Upper body obesity • Increased neck fat • Bruise easily / poor healing • Weakened bones • Fatigue • Increased thirst/urination • Irritability / anxiety / depression (NIDDK, 2006)

  14. Insert Figure 12-11: A patient with Cushing’s syndrome (A) before and (B) after receiving treatment. (Sharmyn McGraw) (Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, Mulvhill, 2010)

  15. Treatments • Medication • Radioactive Iodine • Surgery • Prevention??

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