Islam

1. Islam

3. A Quick Word • I will not teach community biases and prejudices towards Islam. • This unit is about what Muslims believe, not what media pundits believe, many of whom are not Muslim. • The best source of information for Islam is the Qur’an, just as the best source of information for Christianity is the Bible. • Like any religion, you have Muslims that practice their religion devoutly, and you have Muslims that don’t. • Like any religion, you have sects of Muslims who disagree with how their religion is practiced or what their scriptures mean.

4. Abrahamic Religions • Judaism (approx. 1800 B.C.) • Christianity (1st Century A.D.) • Islam (7th Century A.D.) Christianity began as a “sect” religion or “break off” from Judaism. Muslims believe that Islam has existed from the time of Adam, but was forgotten and distorted. It was restored to its full name and glory during the time of Muhammad.

5. Myth #1: Muslims Don’t Believe in Jesus Christ • This is both False and True. It depends on what you mean by “believe” in Jesus Christ. • Muslims believe that Jesus was a prophet of God, but they don’t believe he was a son of God. • Jews believe that Christ was neither a prophet of God or son of God.

6. What Do Muslims Believe? • Islam is the faith of all God’s prophets from Adam onward… • They see the creation of a distinct religion in the 7th Century A.D. as the final form of religion. • They believe the Qur’an is the literal word of God. • They believe that Muhammad is the last in a long line of prophets.

7. What Islam means: • S- L- M in Arabic means peaceful, to submit, to surrender. • ISLAM then means to submit. • MUSLIM means one who submits. • Islam has also been said to mean Peace. • Like Hebrew, Arabic is a tri-consonant language.

8. Islam vs. Muslim • Islam is the name of the religion. • A Muslim is someone who practices Islam. • Christians practice Christianity • Jews practice Judaism

9. Myth #2: Most Muslims are Arabs • Most Muslims live outside of the Middle East. The people who live on the Arabian Peninsula are typically referred to as “Arabs.” You can have Arab Christians and Arab Jews in addition to Arab Muslims. • The Arabian Peninsula is where Islam was founded, giving rise to the myth. • Islam is a conversion religion.

10. World Muslims • 1.5 billion, Muslims represent between 25% of the world's population. • One of every four persons in the world is a Muslim • Second largest religion in the world

12. Africa 432,660,000 28.8% Asia 1,005,000,000 66.8% Europe 50,900,000 3.4% Latin America 8,266,000 0.5% North America 6,530,000 0.3% World 1,503,956,000 100% World Distribution of Muslims Oceania 600,000 .01% Source: www.islamicpopulation.com 2006

14. American Muslims • 6-7 million • About 60% African-American • AFJH has had Muslim students and may have Muslim students today.

15. Mosques in the U.S.

16. Mosques in Utah

17. Mosques in Utah

18. American Muslims Ice Cube

19. American Muslims Rep. Keith Ellison Dr. Oz Malcolm X

20. The Five Pillars of Islam

21. The Five Pillars of Islam

22. The Basics of Faith • Belief in One God (Allah) • Belief in Prophethood • All the Divine Books as revealed by God to various prophets • Angels, Jinns(Demons), Life after Death and the Day of Judgment, Heaven and Hell

23. Allah – the One God • Allah is the Arabic name for God used by Muslims of the world as well as Arab Christians. • Say: He is God, the One and Only;  God, the Eternal, Absolute;  He begets not, nor is He begotten; And there is none like unto Him. (The Quran, Chapter 112)

24. Allah: name in the Bible • "ELOI, ELOI, LAMA SABACHTHANI? which is, being interpreted, My God, My God, why hast thou forsaken me?" (Mark 15:34). • Elohim =Eloh +im (plural), translated to Allah in the Arabic Bible.

25. Prophets and Scriptures • SOME PROPHETS:Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Ishaq, Jacob (Israel), Joseph, Benjamin, Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon, Zakareya, John, Jesus, Muhammad (peace be on them) • DIVINE BOOKS:Torah, Zabur (Psalms), Injeel (Gospel), Quran • Belief in ALL prophets of God • Source of All Books is God • Main Message of all Prophets: Islam

26. Prophet Muhammad • Descendant of Ishmael, the first son of Abraham. • Born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in the year 570 C.E. • Was orphaned at an early age. • The last and greatest Prophet of Islam.

27. Muhammad’s Vision • Fasted for 30 days in the wilderness. • Received first revelation at the age 40 through angel Gabriel. • Memorized the teachings of Allah. • Died in the year 632 C.E, after preaching Islam for 23 years.

28. Muhammad Ali When men convert to Islam, they change their name. Taking on the name of Muhammad is a great responsibility.

30. Map of Islamic Holy Cities

31. Makkah

32. The Kaaba

33. Madina (Medina)

34. Quran: The Holy Book • Original intact as given by the Prophet in Arabic • 23 Years of Revelations (610 - 632 C.E.) • 114 Chapters; One Chapter, Multiple Revelations • Chapter (Surah) names • Historic Context matters • Commentary needed in the light of Arabic, History, and Sunnah

35. Sunnah and Hadith • Approvals, disapprovals of the Prophet • Compiled in separate books, known as Hadith books, after the death of the Prophet • Classified from authentic to false.

36. Worship and Obedience • Prayers (Salah) • Charity (Zakat) • Fasting ( Ramadan) • Pilgrimage (Hajj) • Any act done according to Quran and Sunnah to please God

37. Prayers (Salah) • Five Daily Prayers from Dawn to Late Evening regulate a Muslim’s day • Prayers involve ablution, standing, bowing, prostrating, sitting postures • Face Kabaa, prayers in Arabic as taught by the Prophet. • Additional Prayers optional

38. Prayers (Salah)

39. Charity (Zakat) • 024.056 So establish regular Prayer and give regular Charity; and obey the Apostle; that ye may receive mercy. (The Quran) • Required 2.5% charity on yearly savings • A Muslim must be a charitable person • Removing a stone from the road is charity • Greeting with a smile is a charity

40. Hajj (Pilgrimage) • Pilgrimage to Makkah once in life time for able Muslims • About 2-3 million Muslims perform Hajj each year from all over the world. • Eidul-Adha: the biggest Muslim Holiday

41. Hajj (Pilgrimage)

42. Fasting • 002.183 O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that ye may (learn) self-restraint. (The Quran) • Ramadan is 9th month in Islamic Lunar calendar • Daily dawn to sunset fast for 29/30 days (no food or drink) • Eidul-Fitr Holiday at the end

43. Ending the daily Fast

44. Sects of Muslims • Sunni Muslims believe that any devout Muslim can lead and direct the people. • Shia’ Muslims believe that only a descendant Of Muhammad may lead the people. • Shia Muslims believe that Sunni Muslims killed the last descendant of Muhammad at the battle of Karballah. • To this day, Sunnis and Shias hate each other.

46. Muslim Non-Muslim Relations

47. A Christian King Negus of Ethiopia • Negus gives Protection to migrated Muslims • First Muslim-Christian Governmental Interaction

48. Treaty with Jews of Madina • Prophet has to migrate to Madina (about 200 miles from Makkah) • Signs a treaty with Jews of Madina • No compulsion in Religion

50. Letter to Monks • Verily, I defend them by myself, the servants, the helpers, and my followers, because Christians are my citizens; and by Allah! I hold out against anything that displeases them. No compulsion is to be on them. • Their churches are to be respected.