PSY 5480 E-Learning Practicum

1. PSY 5480E-Learning Practicum

2. Introductions What�s your name? What�s your major and minor (or graduate program)? What do you want to be when you grow up? What do you know about e-learning and/or instructional design and/or teaching?

3. Enough about you, let�s talk about me You can call me� Dr. Fox Doc Fox Papa Fox Eric E Diddy DJ EJ Foxy Mama

4. Enough about you, let�s talk about me Assistant Professor in Industrial/Organizational Psychology and Behavior Analysis Programs BA and MA in psychology (behavior analysis) from University of Nevada, Reno Ph.D. in Learning & Instructional Technology from Arizona State University

5. Enough about you, let�s talk about me Worked as instructional design assistant at Morningside Academy in Seattle Worked as technical analyst for Distance Learning Technology at Arizona State University Worked as instructional designer for Learning-Edge in Chandler, AZ Worked as instructional design independent contractor for Accelerated Multimedia Education Research in instructional design Owner of FoxyLearning

6. What the heck is e-learning? Generally just means �computer-enhanced learning.� It is most commonly delivered via the web (or an intranet) or CD-ROM. In 2001, approximately 11% of all training was delivered via computer In 2006, approximately 29% of all training was delivered via computer

7. How do we develop good e-learning? �e-learning� specifies a medium, but not a method or process for developing the content and instruction To develop quality computer-based instruction, we should follow systematic, goal-oriented, reliable processes This approach is called �instructional design� or �instructional systems design�

8. What the heck is instructional design? It is a beast that goes by many names: Instructional Design Instructional Development Instructional Technology Instructional Design & Technology Instructional Systems Instructional Systems Design Instructional Systems Development Educational Technology Learning Systems Training Training & Development Etc.

9. Instructional Design: The Big Picture

10. What the heck is instructional design? �The systematic development of programs in training and education. The systems approach to instruction emphasizes the specification of instructional objectives, precisely controlled learning experiences to achieve these objectives, criteria for performance, and evaluative information.� � Goldstein & Ford

11. What the heck is instructional design? �The field of instructional design and technology encompasses the analysis of learning and performance problems, and the design, development, implementation, evaluation, and management of instructional and non-instructional processes and resources intended to improve learning and performance in a variety of settings.� � Reiser

12. What the heck is instructional design? Applying behavioral principles in educational and training contexts Utilizing a scientific, empirical approach to the design, development, and evaluation of instructional materials Having a darn good time

13. What will we be doing in this class? You�ll learn a bit about instructional systems design You�ll learn how to apply the principles of instructional design to computer-enhanced learning (e-learning) You�ll learn practical strategies and empirically based recommendations for the development of e-learning materials You�ll develop an e-learning program and evaluate it Syllabus time!

14. Class Requirements

15. A Systems Approach to Instruction What is a system? A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole. A functionally related group of elements An organized set of interrelated ideas or principles � The American Heritage Dictionary

16. What is a system? A set of interrelated parts, all of which work together toward a defined goal Parts of the system depend on each other for input and output Entire system uses feedback to determine if goal has been reached If goal has not been reached, system is modified until it does reach the goal � Dick, Carey, & Carey A Systems Approach to Instruction

17. Sample System Temperature Control System

18. A Systems Approach to Instruction Instruction itself (as an event) can be viewed as a system with several components: The learners The instructor (if applicable) The instructional materials The learning environment Each component plays an important role in the instructional process

19. A Systems Approach to Instruction Preparing for instruction can also be viewed as a system with several components: Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation Our good friend ADDIE!

20. Basic Instructional Design Model

21. Mager�s Model

22. Morrison, Ross, & Kemp Model

23. Key Elements of the Instructional Design Process Who is the instruction for (characteristics of learners or trainees)? What do you want the learners or trainees to learn or demonstrate (objectives)? How is the subject content or skill best learned (instructional strategies)? How do you determine the extent to which learning is achieved (evaluation)?

24. Primary Goal of Instructional Design: Prevent Crappy Instruction� Crappy Instruction� is sort of like pornography/indecency�it�s tough to define, but we know it when we see it Taking a systems approach helps us define crappy instruction and hopefully avoid it

25. Fun with Crappy Instruction� Example 1 After an extensive, multi-million-dollar study, the U.S. Army has discovered that its kitchen/mess hall workers do not regularly wash their hands after going to the bathroom. This obviously poses a serious health risk to the troops, so the Army develops a training video showing the kitchen workers how to wash their hands.

26. Fun with Crappy Instruction� Example 2 Mr. Smartstuff is a second-grade teacher. He wants his students to be able to read the new words from each story contained in their reading book, so he has them use cut-out letters to make the new words from each story and to increase their perceptual abilities.

27. Fun with Crappy Instruction� Example 3 The instructor of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) class wants her students to be able to demonstrate the appropriate procedure for administering CPR. On the final exam for the class, the students are given a set of sequenced illustrations and asked to describe each step in the procedure for administering CPR as shown in the illustrations.

28. Fun with Crappy Instruction� Example 4 Carl is an information technology support technician for a large corporation. The salespeople in Carl�s division were recently issued new �smart� cell phones that combine the capabilities of a personal digital assistant (PDA) into a traditional cell phone. To ensure that everyone knows how to use their new phones, Carl developed a 6-hour web-based training module.

29. Fun with Crappy Instruction� Example 5 Coach Carter wants his basketball team to get better at shooting free throws. He gathers the team together, describes the correct technique in detail, and then carefully demonstrates it for them. They then return to their other scheduled activities. To Coach Carter�s great surprise, at the next game the team still sucks at shooting free throws.

30. How Does a Systems Approach to Instruction Help Prevent Crappy Instruction�? At the outset, the entire system is focused on achieving carefully defined instructional goals Without this component, subsequent planning and implementation steps can become unclear and ineffective Ensures careful link between instructional strategies and desired learning outcomes Instruction is specifically targeted on skills and knowledge to be taught; reduces the �fluff� of irrelevant or ineffective strategies

31. How Does a Systems Approach to Instruction Help Prevent Crappy Instruction�? It is an empirical, replicable, self-correcting process Evaluation and revision is built into the system, and the systematic process allows evaluators to better pinpoint which components are not working

32. History of Instructional Design World War II Psychologists and educators began researching and developing training materials for the military Began focusing on evaluation, testing, task analysis, systems approach

33. History of Instructional Design Programmed Instruction Started in 1950s by B.F. Skinner Focused on small steps (or �frames�), require overt responses to frequent questions, provide immediate feedback, allow self-pacing Exemplified an empirical, systematic approach to developing instruction Has been credited by some with introducing the systems approach to education

34. History of Instructional Design Programmed Instruction National Society for Programmed Instruction was founded in 1962 (now known as the International Society for Performance Improvement, ISPI) Became difficult to evaluate PI because a lot of poor products calling themselves �PI� but bearing little resemblance to Skinner�s system and process were put in marketplace

35. History of Instructional Design Behavioral Objectives Popularized by Robert Mager in the 1960s In 2005 Mager won the Award for Public Service in Behavior Analysis from the Association for Behavior Analysis in 2005 Focused on observable, measurable behaviors, the conditions under which behaviors are to be performed, and the criteria by which they are to be evaluated

36. History of Instructional Design Bloom�s Taxonomy Gagn�s conditions of learning and events of instruction Sputnik and formative evaluation (Susan Markle) Early instructional design models

37. History of Instructional Design 1970s � Interest in the systems approach Military Teaching/learning centers in higher education Training in business and industry Formation of graduate programs in instructional design

38. History of Instructional Design 1980s � Growth and redirection Interest remained strong in business/industry, the military, and international arena Less of an impact in public schools, higher education The �cognitive revolution� Increasing use of microcomputers for instructional purposes

39. History of Instructional Design 1990s � Changing views and practices Performance technology movement Constructivism Electronic performance support systems (fancy job aids) Rapid prototyping The Internet Knowledge management

40. History of Instructional Design 21st Century Doc Fox is on the scene

41. Next Week Reading Quiz #1 over Chapters 1 and 2 in textbook You must submit TWO IDEAS for your project no later than Monday, September 8 at 5:00pm For each idea, you must include: Content/objectives to be covered Organization/company (if any) for whom training will be developed Target audience Submit them via course website (Assessments ? Project Ideas)