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Some History

Some History. Facts from Mists. Historical Evidence: Rome. Rome invades Britain in about 43 BCE Rome deserts Britain around 420 CE With Rome in Britain Celts were protected from invaders Relative peace, stability, technological improvements. Historical Evidence: Rome.

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Some History

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  1. Some History Facts from Mists

  2. Historical Evidence: Rome • Rome invades Britain in about 43 BCE • Rome deserts Britain around 420 CE • With Rome in Britain • Celts were protected from invaders • Relative peace, stability, technological improvements

  3. Historical Evidence: Rome • Without Rome Celts needed to replace • civic administration • military administration • military personnel • technological maintenance

  4. Quick Timeline • 43 Rome invades • 60/61 Boudica revolts • 122 Hadrian’s wall begun • 364 Picts, Saxons, Scots, and Atacotti raise hell • 401/402 Roman troops withdrawn • 408-410 Saxons raid • 410 Visigoths sack Rome; Honorius tells Britons to defend themselves

  5. At Same Time • Patrick active in Ireland • Vortigern (high king?) invites Saxons to defend against northern invaders • begins strife with Germanic peoples • Ambrosius Aurelianus fights against Saxons

  6. Historical Evidence: Germanic Tribes • 449: Anglos, Saxons, and Jutes begin invasions • Tribes from Northern Europe • Germanic • Originally raiders • Eventually settled • Devastated Celticpeoples

  7. Historic Events: Northern Invasions • Germans weren’t only problem • Irish tribe from North • Scots • Conquered • Scotland as well

  8. Celtic British Response • Seem to have elected supreme ruler in time of war • High king • rex bellorum • literally, king of war • Vortigern (ca 425-450) • Caused major problems

  9. Vortigern • High king • Threatened from North • Scots • Picts • Hired Saxon and Jute Mercenaries • Led by Hengist & Horsa • Payment: lands to settle (447ish) • Germans stayed

  10. Anglo-Saxons • Initially settled on coasts • Rebelled against Britons (~442) • Expanded holdings • Drove Celts into Wales, Cornwall, Ireland, Brittany (NW France) • 449 more invasions from continent • Joined with resident Anglo-Saxons

  11. Anglo-Saxons • Celts fought back • Launched campaign against Anglo-Saxons • ~500: Celtic victory at Mt. Badon • 540: De Excidio Britanniae (The Fall of Britain) • Gildas • Laments fall of Britain to Anglo-Saxons

  12. Anglo-Saxon Dominance • By end of 6th Century • Anglo-Saxons dominated Britain • Pushed Celts to • Wales • Cornwall • Brittany • Ireland • Scotland • 597: Gregory the Great sends St. Augustine to Christianize Anglo-Saxons

  13. Anglo-Saxons & Celts

  14. Excalibur • Fabled sword of Arthur • Cover of Mists • anything wrong with this? • This type of sword didn’t exist in the 6th century world

  15. Excalibur Typical Medieval Swords

  16. Excalibur Viking Sword Celtic Sword

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