Treating Disorders

1. Treating Disorders • Early hypotheses & options • Demons, imbalance, shock to system • Video: asylum (0-1:25); DP Psychotherapy 3:37-5:59 • Challenges with diagnosing • Multiple causes for same symptoms • Often asymptomatic • Self-report not accurate • Lying, downplaying, misunderstanding

2. Modern Types of Therapy • Biomedical therapy • Drugs • Surgery (rare) • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) (rare) • Psychotherapy: techniques for change • Psychoanalysis: unconscious • Humanistic Therapies: self-direction, growth • Behavior Therapies: conditioning, modeling • Cognitive Therapies: thinking • Group Therapies: support, recovery, relations

3. Biomedical Therapy • Goal of Biomedical Therapy • Restore proper nervous system function, balance amount and type of neurotransmitters present in brain • Reminder – NT responsible for thinking, emotions, muscle movement, hearing, seeing, memory, stress reactions, etc. (called hormones when outside of the brain) • Example: pancreas & insulin • Example: limbic system & serotonin • Video: deep brain stimulation

4. Cognitive Therapy • Goals • Change distorted thinking that leads to maladaptive behavior (not appropriate/ helpful), develop coping strategies • Methods • Test unrealistic beliefs, challenge negative self-statements, make behavior plans • selective perception: focus on negative • all-or-nothing thinking: all good or bad • overgeneralization: unrealistic applications • Video: REBTDP Psychotherapy 17:35-21:29; anxiety attentional control 0-3:46 • Benefits • Mood, stress, eating, anxiety, personality, and some schizophrenia disorders

5. Behavioral Therapy • Goals • Change problem behavior and increase desirable behavior using learning techniques • Methods • Classical & operant conditioning, systematic desensitization (small to large exposure), aversion therapy (classical conditioning negative association), flooding (all at once exposure), modeling, reinforcement, extinction • Video: exposure therapy; mirror neurons Autism • Benefits • Phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, quitting substances, PTSD, personality disorders, Autism spectrum disorders, sleep disorders

6. Interpersonal Therapy • Goals • Ease interpersonal disputes, role transitions, grief, interpersonal deficits • Identify stress in life events, family, home, workplace, friendship patterns, school • Methods • Clarification, role reversal, communication analysis, encouraging emotion, problem-solving techniques (video: social-emotional learning 0-6:00) • Benefits • Mood, stress, anxiety, addiction, and eating disorders

7. Psychoanalytic Therapy • Goals • Confront disturbing thoughts, socially unacceptable desires, immoral urges • Relieve stress that is causing the disorder by gaining understanding of unconscious • Methods • Analyze content of: dreams, free associations (first thoughts), resistance (avoiding topics), transference (projecting emotions, reactions) • Video: DP Psychotherapy 9:37-15:52 • Benefits • Anxiety, somatoform, dissociative disorders

8. Humanistic Therapy • Goals • Align “real self” with “ideal self” • Insight into personal choices and how to change behavior • Methods • Reflection (repeating), unconditional positive regard (complete acceptance), empathy, authenticity (honest expression) • Benefits • Life choices, marriage counseling

9. Challenges of Treatment • Clients • Lack of understanding about symptoms • Lack of insight into own behavior • Perceived barriers (money, time) • Paranoia, inconsistent behavior, buy-in • Treatment trial process, side effects • Environment • Stigma, blame • Misinformation about causes and treatment • Little support • Treatment providers • Best treatment first time (video: Blues Test) • Constraints on treatment (money, time, culture)