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Aseptic Technique

Aseptic Technique. Infection Control and. MICROORGANISMS A microorganism (microbe) is a small living plant or animal. It is seen only with a microscope. Microbes are everywhere. Pathogens are harmful and can cause infections.

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Aseptic Technique

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  1. Aseptic Technique Infection Control and

  2. MICROORGANISMS • A microorganism (microbe) is a small living plant or animal. • It is seen only with a microscope. • Microbes are everywhere. • Pathogens are harmful and can cause infections. • Non-pathogens are microbes that do not usually cause an infection.

  3. INFECTION • An infection is a disease state resulting from the invasion and growth of microbes in the body. • A local infection is in a body part. • A systemic infection involves the whole body. • An infection can become life-threatening before the older person has obvious signs and symptoms.

  4. Spread of Infection • How infection is spread: • Direct contact • Touching an infected person • Indirect contact • Touching environmental surfaces and fomites such as linen, supplies, or equipment that have pathogens on them

  5. The ability to resist infection relates to: • Age • Nutrition • Stress • Fatigue • Health • Drugs • Disease and injury

  6. Spread of Infection • Airborne • Mucus contains pathogens expelled into the air by coughing or sneezing • Pathogens travel long distances in ventilation systems, dust, or on moisture in the air • Invisible to the eye and easily inhaled

  7. Spread of Infection • Droplets • Large and heavy • Remain within three feet of the patient • Fall to the ground quickly • Contain pathogens that are inhaled or picked up on the hands

  8. Spread of Infection • Common Vehicle • Contaminated food, water, feeding formulas, and equipment used for procedures • Pathogens are consumed when eating and drinking

  9. Spread of Infection • Vectors • Insects, rodents, and small animals can carry pathogens and transmit them to humans

  10. Chain of Infection • Factors necessary for infection to develop • Breaking a link in the chain will prevent an infection from spreading

  11. Chain of Infection • Source • Disease-causing pathogen • Mode of transmission • How the pathogen is spread • Susceptible host • Person who can become infected

  12. Chain of Infection • Carrier • Infected person who can spread the disease • He or she may not know of the infection • Portal of entry • Place where the microbe enters the body

  13. Chain of Infection • Portal of exit • Secretions, excretions, or droplets in which the pathogens travel when they leave the body

  14. Handwashing • Most important way to prevent spread of microorganisms.

  15. To prevent the spread of microbes, wash your hands: • After urinating or having a bowel movement • After changing tampons or sanitary pads • After contact with your own or another person’s blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions • After coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose • Before and after handling, preparing, or eating food

  16. To prevent the spread of microbes, also do the following: • Provide all persons with their own linens and personal care items. • Cover your nose and mouth when coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose. • Bathe, wash hair, and brush your teeth regularly. • Wash fruits and raw vegetables before eating or serving them. • Wash cooking and eating utensils with soap and water after use. • Hand hygiene • Hand hygiene is the easiest and most important way to prevent the spread of infection. • Practice hand hygiene before and after giving care.

  17. Standard Precautions • You cannot tell whether someone has a disease or infection by appearance • Standard precautions • Used for all patients to prevent infection • Involve using personal protective equipment (PPE) when performing certain tasks

  18. Standard Precautions • Wear gloves when there is contact with: • Blood • Moist body fluid (except sweat) • Secretions • Excretions • Mucous membranes • Nonintact skin

  19. Standard Precautions • If your gloves become soiled, remove them, wash hands, and apply a new pair • We communicate through touch • Avoid using gloves for all patient contact

  20. Standard Precautions • If you are wearing gloves • Change them immediately before contacting mucous membranes and nonintact skin • Apply a mask and eye protection if there is risk of being splashed with blood or body fluids

  21. Standard Precautions • A mask may be worn without eye protection, but eye protection should never be worn without a mask

  22. Standard Precautions • Wear a gown if there is a risk that your uniform may contact blood and body fluids. • Select a gown that is fluid resistant

  23. Standard Precautions • PPE must fit properly • If it is cut or torn, it will not protect you, and it should be replaced • Restock equipment after use

  24. Standard Precautions • Avoid contaminating clean equipment, supplies, or surfaces with used gloves • Wear a glove on one hand; use the ungloved hand to contact other surfaces • Discard gloves in a covered container

  25. Standard Precautions • Always wash your hands before applying and after removing gloves • Never cut, bend, break, or recap needles • Discard in a puncture-resistant container

  26. Isolation • Airborne precautions • Used for patients whose disease is spread by the airborne method of transmission • Droplet precautions • Used for some infections that are spread in the air

  27. Isolation • Contact precautions • Contain pathogens that are spread by direct or indirect contact • Usually found in infections of the skin, urine, and fecal material

  28. Isolation • Special Circumstances • Patients with infections transmitted by more than one method • Two types of isolation are needed in addition to standard precautions • Isolation and standard precautions must be used when working in an isolation room

  29. Bioterrorism • Bioterrorism • Use of biological agents, such as pathogenic organisms or agricultural pests, for terrorist purposes

  30. Bioterrorism • Your facility will have a disaster plan • Provides information for patients, employees, visitors • Contains public health protocols to follow in an emergency

  31. MEDICAL ASEPSIS • Asepsis is being free of disease-producing microbes. • Measures are needed to achieve asepsis. • Medical asepsis (clean technique) • Surgical asepsis (sterile technique) • Sterilization is the process of destroying all microbes. • Contamination is the process of becoming unclean.

  32. SURGICAL ASEPSIS • Surgical asepsis (sterile technique) is the practices that keep equipment and supplies free of all microbes. • Surgical asepsis is required any time the skin or sterile tissues are entered. • If a break occurs in sterile technique, infection is a risk.

  33. Sterile Technique • A microbe free technique • Used for performing procedures within body and during dressing changes • Also called surgical asepsis • An item or area is sterile if it is free from all microorganisms and spores

  34. Flash Sterilization • Quick method of sterilizing essential items • Risk for contamination is great because personnel are usually rushed • Follow manufacturers’ guidelines and facility policies when flash sterilizing

  35. Guidelines for Sterile Procedures • Always wash your hands before beginning • If the sterility of an item is in doubt, consider it unsterile and avoid using it • If a sterile item contacts an unsterile item, the sterile item is contaminated

  36. Guidelines for Sterile Procedures • Consider a sterile package contaminated when: • It is cracked, cut, or torn • It is wet • It has expired

  37. Creating a Sterile Field • Sanitize and dry the table before placing supplies on it • Avoid touching the inside of the package • Inside can be used as a sterile field • Never turn your back on a sterile field

  38. Creating a Sterile Field • Avoid crossing over or touching a sterile field. • Keep sterile items above waist level • Avoid talking, coughing, or sneezing over a sterile field

  39. Creating a Sterile Field • Use sterile gloves • Touch only sterile items • Touch only the inside of the package • Keep your hands above your waist • Avoid touching your clothing or body • If sterile gloves touch an unsterile item, they are contaminated. Change the gloves

  40. Sterile Gloving

  41. Sterile Gloving

  42. Sterile Gloving

  43. Sterile Gloving

  44. Sterile Gloving

  45. Sterile Gloving

  46. Sterile Gloving

  47. Setting Up a Sterile Field • One-inch border around outside edge of the field is considered unsterile • Drape hangs over the edges of the table • Area below the table is not sterile • Sterile supplies can touch only the sterile field

  48. Setting Up a Sterile Field • Sterile transfer forceps may be used • Avoid touching the tips of the forceps • Handle is contaminated because you have touched it with your hands

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