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scaffolding

scaffolding. Standards-vertical members of frame work embedded into ground Ledgers-horizontal members parallel to wall Putlogs-transverse pieces placed on ledgers which are supported on wall. Transoms-putlogs with both ends supported on ledgers Braces-diagonal pieces

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scaffolding

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  1. scaffolding

  2. Standards-vertical members of frame work embedded into ground • Ledgers-horizontal members parallel to wall • Putlogs-transverse pieces placed on ledgers which are supported on wall • Transoms-putlogs with both ends supported on ledgers • Braces-diagonal pieces • Bridle-brige an opening in a wall it supports one end in putlog • Guard rail-rail provided with ledger • Raker- inclined support

  3. SINGLE SCAFOLDING

  4. Single scaffolding • Widely used in brick work • Single row of standards at a distance of 1.2m • Putlogs are placed at horizontal distance of 1.2 to 1.8m

  5. Stronger than single scaffolding • Two rows of standards are provided • Distance between face of wall and first row of standards is 200mm to 300mm

  6. Cantilever or needle scaffolding • May be single or double scaffolding • Needle supported on floor level

  7. Suspended scaffoldings • Used for maintainance works • Working platform suspended from roof by ropes, wires or chains

  8. Trestle scaffolding • Working platform supported by ladders, tripods mounted on wheels • Height of this type of scaffolding is 5m fro supporting surface.

  9. TRESSLE SCAFOLDING

  10. Steel scaffolding • Steel tubes effectively used for scaffolding work • Can be used to any height • High intial cost • Skilled labour required

  11. Patented scaffolding • Made of steel • Use of working platform supported by bracket

  12. PATENDED SCAFOLDING

  13. SHORING

  14. shoring • They are temporary structures • Structures become unsafe due to unsettlement of foundations or removal of adjacent building • Shoring is required to prevent movements.

  15. Circumstances when shoring is required • Adjascent structures is diamantled • Cracks due to unequal settlement of foundation • Large openings in walls • Poor workmanship

  16. Types of shoring • Raking or inclined shores • Flying or horizontal shores • Dead or vertical shores

  17. Raking shores • Consist of wall plate ,needles,cleats,rakers, bracings,sole plate • Rakers prevent outward movement of wall • Large factor of safety is used for designed of inclined shores • Rakers inclined at 45ᵒ • Sole plate at ground

  18. Flying or horizontal shores

  19. Flying or horizontal shores • Horizontal support to parallel walls • Consist of wall plate ,needles,cleats,struts etc • Suitable for max distance of about 9m

  20. Dead or vertical shores

  21. Dead or vertical shores • Needles are supported by vertical members called shores. • Used under following circumstances • Lower part of wall is defective • -foundations are deepened • -lower part is to be rebuilt

  22. UNDERPINNING

  23. underpinning • Placing of new foundation above existing foundation

  24. Circumstances used for underpinning • Building with deep foundations constructed to near building • Settlement of existing foundation • Basement is to be provided to existing building • Existing foundations to be deepened

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