Music’s Horizontal Dimension:

1. Music’s Horizontal Dimension: Melody

2. Melody H q h . . . Set the world on fi-YA . . .

3. God, I love it when you talk definitions

4. Beethoven Piano Sonata Op. 13, Slow Movement.

5. Billy Joel Commits Theft

6. Beethoven Piano Sonata Op. 13, Slow Movement. Billy Joel: “This Night”

7. I. Melody A. Melody often defined negatively • Melody not = lyrics, harmony, accompaniment, • instruments B. Defined • Melody = series of pitches and associated rhythms C. Melody implies prominence • Melody vs. Accompaniment

8. II. Melodic Hierarchies Letter Word Clause Sentence Paragraph Chapter Book Note Motive Phrase Period Section Movement Complete Work

9. III. Melodic Motives Motive = short group (2-8) of pitches that acquires structural significance B. Melodic motives tend to have both rhythmic and melodic (pitch) shape

10. IV. Phrases A. Defining phrases intuitively • Goes together or singer breathes • Like a clause, ends with punctuation B. Defining phrases technically Cadences = markers or signals of phrase endings • Often rhythmic pause or relaxation • Melody often descends at cadence • Harmonic formulas = cadential formulas C. Deceptive cadences D. Elided phrases (phrase elision)

11. V. Periods A. Antecedent/Consequent Structures • 2 phrases go together as open/closed question/answer, less/more conclusive • Usually antecedent cadence not on tonic; • consequent cadence on the tonic 6 5 4 3 2 2 6 5 4 3 2 3 2 1

12. V. Periods A. Antecedent/Consequent Structures • 2 phrases go together as open/closed question/answer, less/more conclusive • Usually cadence 1 not on tonic; cadence 2 on the tonic B. Three-phrase periods C. Sequences D. Identity/Variation/Contrast E. Phrase symmetry/asymmetry (length)

13. VI. Melodic Intervals Interval = distance (high-low) between two successive notes B. Melodic contour • Depends on: 1) direction (up/down/same note) and 2) Type of motion • Conjunct or stepwise • Disjunct or angular = dominated by leaps, skips