Other states and Kingdoms

1. Other states and Kingdoms Gaza, Swazi, Pedi, Mpondoand southern Tswana

2. The Gaza Kingdom -The Biggest State, but most of it was situated in modern day Mozambique -the leaders were called “Ngoni” -the people in the kingdom were called “shangaan” -Shoshangane was the ruler- he was also a military leader under Zwide. -The Gaza kingdom was powerful because of it’s trade in ivory and slaves to delagoa bay. -Shoshangane defeated Portuguese forces who wanted to end his control of the trade in that region. After this, the Gaza kingdom dominated the whole region.

3. Swazi Kindom • a smaller state that emerged after the Ndwandwe kingdom collapsed. • It was controlled by the Dlamini clans, but Sobhuza was the leader • Sobhuza avoided conflict with his neighbours through marriage allainces to strengthen his position. He married one of Zwide’s daughters and two of his daughters became Shaka’s wives. • Theswazi defeated a raid by the Zulu in 1836

4. The Pedi state • An important state because of it’s control over trade routes from the interior to Delagoa Bay. • It was broken apart by the Ndwandwein the early 1800’s, but after the Ndwandwe were defeated it was rebuilt under it’s leader Sekwati. • He established a fortified hilltop settlement between the Steelport and Olifants Rivers. This gave protection to refugees in the area.

5. The Mpondo Kingdom • It was the strongest power south of the Mzimkulu River. • They managed to defend themselves from waves of refugees from the fighting further north. • They resisted a Zulu attack in 1828 • They allowed refugees from other conflicts to join their kingdom.

6. Southern Tswana chiefdoms: • Southern Tswana groupings (the Barolong and Batlhaping) were disrupted by raids in the 1820’s. • They allied with the Griqua and Sotho raiders. • But they continued to be attacked by the Ndebele and also the Griqua who turned against their former allies. • They gathered around the missionary station established at Kuruman in 1816- many of them became Christians. • When the missionaries moved to Griquatown in 1825 the Batlhaping left the Kuruman area and moved to the Harts valley • They got guns and horses and were able to establish control over the region in the 1830’s. • The increasing weakness of the San groups (as a result of raids for their labour) helped them.

7. Bibliography: • http://www.google.co.za/imgres?q=The+gaza+Kingdom&um=1&hl=en&sa=X&biw=1280&bih=533&tbm=isch&tbnid=4T8NO2kuQb7FlM:&imgrefurl=http://gazankulurepublic.blogspot.com/2010/07/garingani-wa-garingani-long-time-ago.html&docid=hEF4dYeFfqMEEM&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_gvBvotaWxyU/TEPtorTkItI/AAAAAAAAAB4/oAgbZaSWpe4/s1600/women.jpg&w=1173&h=1517&ei=2dUcUIO-AY-KhQee6oHIBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=327&vpy=139&dur=172&hovh=255&hovw=197&tx=117&ty=157&sig=101543256537347409885&page=1&tbnh=178&tbnw=138&start=0&ndsp=12&v • ed=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:72 • http://www.google.co.za/imgres?q=The+swazi+huts&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=533&tbm=isch&tbnid=FIw1R1k5hVH8oM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mccullagh.org/image/10d-18/swazi-children.html&docid=RK8R3bk-2fU0uM&imgurl=http://www.mccullagh.org/db9/10d-18/swazi-children.jpg&w=768&h=512&ei=iNkcUN_WA5SxhAeQ7gE&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=766&vpy=232&dur=1203&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=137&ty=116&sig=101543256537347409885&page=2&tbnh=159&tbnw=212&start=10&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:10,i:128 • http://www.google.co.za/imgres?q=The+swazi+huts&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=533&tbm=isch&tbnid=JKqijIi33R3SjM:&imgrefurl=http://www.gerbera.org/places-of-interest/barberton-sa/the-swazi/&docid=iKWc5-BmNErBbM&imgurl=http://gerbera.org/image-files/barberton4-3.jpg&w=640&h=319&ei=39ocUKzANNSHhQexwYDoCQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=361&vpy=98&dur=1437&hovh=158&hovw=318&tx=236&ty=112&sig=101543256537347409885&page=1&tbnh=96&tbnw=193&start=0&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:72 • http://www.google.co.za/imgres?q=The+Pedi&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=533&tbm=isch&tbnid=E_tWEfmh6D9VdM:&imgrefurl=http://www.lydenburgmuseum.org.za/feature.asp%3Fid%3D14&docid=kP7BgBR2TtwK1M&imgurl=http://www.lydenburgmuseum.org.za/features/06aPedi%252520girls.jpg&w=607&h=480&ei=q9wcUL71A4TDhAfF6oHABw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=984&vpy=158&dur=2062&hovh=200&hovw=253&tx=133&ty=119&sig=101543256537347409885&page=1&tbnh=162&tbnw=206&start=0&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:81

8. http://www.google.co.za/imgres?q=mpondo&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=533&tbm=isch&tbnid=K1j-DCKWHYbrRM:&imgrefurl=http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%2520-%2520South%2520African%2520Tribal%2520Chiefs,%2520Kings%2520and%2520Traditional%2520Rulers.htm&docid=q6_bK5nK548PwM&imgurl=http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%252520Mpondo%252520Duggan-Cronin%25252001.jpg&w=281&h=400&ei=Ud4cUIaSMMKBhQfZoIDICw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=186&vpy=125&dur=485&hovh=268&hovw=188&tx=130&ty=195&sig=101543256537347409885&page=1&tbnh=163&tbnw=123&start=0&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:69http://www.google.co.za/imgres?q=mpondo&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=533&tbm=isch&tbnid=K1j-DCKWHYbrRM:&imgrefurl=http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%2520-%2520South%2520African%2520Tribal%2520Chiefs,%2520Kings%2520and%2520Traditional%2520Rulers.htm&docid=q6_bK5nK548PwM&imgurl=http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%252520Mpondo%252520Duggan-Cronin%25252001.jpg&w=281&h=400&ei=Ud4cUIaSMMKBhQfZoIDICw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=186&vpy=125&dur=485&hovh=268&hovw=188&tx=130&ty=195&sig=101543256537347409885&page=1&tbnh=163&tbnw=123&start=0&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:69 • http://www.google.co.za/imgres?q=Tswana&um=1&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=533&tbm=isch&tbnid=QqSMtREBBlbYRM:&imgrefurl=http://www.fine-african-art.com/infotswana/infotswana.htm&docid=Ftr-7VKKAsu5dM&imgurl=http://www.fine-african-art.com/infotswana/tswanadancers.jpg&w=500&h=266&ei=vRMdUNj3OMfKhAfMzIHgAw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=929&vpy=111&dur=5391&hovh=164&hovw=308&tx=234&ty=118&sig=101543256537347409885&page=1&tbnh=104&tbnw=195&start=0&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0,i:97