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The human diet as a source of contaminants Maaike Bilau – Ghent University Department of Public Health 15 th december

The human diet as a source of contaminants Maaike Bilau – Ghent University Department of Public Health 15 th december 2006. What has diet to do with environment and health ?. Diet = source of nutrients macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats

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The human diet as a source of contaminants Maaike Bilau – Ghent University Department of Public Health 15 th december

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  1. The human diet as a source of contaminants Maaike Bilau – Ghent University Department of Public Health 15th december 2006

  2. What has diet to do with environment and health? • Diet = source of nutrients • macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats • micronutrients: minerals, vitamins • Diet = carrier of contaminants • fat-soluble contaminants • heavy metals • pesticides

  3. Methodology Used Questionnaires: - fruit & vegetable questionnaire - “dioxin”questionnaire

  4. Dioxin Questionnaire: semi-quantitative FFQ (1) • Structure : based on several eating occasions • bread meal: cheese, meat, fish, eggs, spread, mayo, … • hot meal: fish, meat, baking/frying fat, sauce … • snacks: pitta, pizza, meat, cheese, … • rest group: milk(products), candy, cookies, … • in order to estimate • total fat intake • origin of fat • intake of fat-soluble contaminants

  5. Dioxin Questionnaire: semi-quantitative FFQ (2)

  6. Results Can the diet (partly) explain some differences in exposure?

  7. Results • Intake of food items by 3 Flemish subpopulations • adolescents (age: 14 – 15 y) • mothers (age: 18 – 40 y) • adults (age: 50 – 65 y) • Concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in the food chain • Estimated dietary intake of dioxin-like compounds • comparison with the TDI • comparison with a Dutch population + the past • comparison with serum levels • main contributors in the diet

  8. Results • Intake of food items by 3 Flemish subpopulations • adolescents (age: 14 – 15 y) • mothers (age: 18 – 40 y) • adults (age: 50 – 65 y) • Concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in the food chain • Estimated dietary intake of dioxin-like compounds • comparison with the TDI • comparison with a Dutch population + the past • comparison with serum levels • main contributors in the diet

  9. adolescents mothers adults Consumption (g/day) of fish and seafood Consumption (g/day) of meat and meat products ♂ ♂ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♀ ♀ median (P25 – P75)

  10. adolescents mothers adults Consumption (g/day) of eggs Consumption (mL/day) of milk ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ median (P25 – P75)

  11. adolescents mothers adults Consumption (g/day) of fruit Consumption (g/day) of vegetables ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ median (P25 – P75)

  12. adolescents mothers adults Consumption (g/day) of total fat Weight (kg) ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ median (P25 – P75)

  13. Results • Intake of food items by 3 subpopulations • adolescents (age: 14 – 15 y) • mothers (age: 18 – 40 y) • adults (age: 50 – 65 y) • Concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in the food chain • Estimated dietary intake of dioxin-like compounds • comparison with the TDI • comparison with a Dutch population + the past • comparison with serum levels • main contributors in the diet

  14. Median dioxin concentrations(pg TEQ/g product) (source: FAVV, Belgium) => non-detects : LOQ / 2

  15. Median dioxine concentrations (pg TEQ/g fat) (source: FAVV, Belgium)

  16. Results • Intake of food items by 3 subpopulations • adolescents (age: 14 – 15 y) • mothers (age: 18 – 40 y) • adults (age: 50 – 65 y) • Concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in the food chain • Estimated dietary intake of dioxin-like compounds • comparison with the TDI • comparison with a Dutch population + the past • comparison with serum levels • main contributors in the diet

  17. Differences between regions inestimated intake of dioxin-like substances (pg TEQ/kg bw/d)(Kruskall Wallis test: p < 0.001) adult men adult women

  18. TDI = 2 pg/kg bw/day adolescents mothers adults Cumulative distribution of the estimated intake of dioxin-like substances(pg TEQ/kg bw/d)

  19. Cumulative distribution of the estimated intake of dioxin-like substances (1999) Vrijens et al. (2002) Food Add Contam, Vol 19, p. 687-700

  20. Estimated intake distributions of dioxin-like substances and indicator PCBs in the Dutch population Baars et al. (2004) Toxicol Letters

  21. Is there a relation between the human diet & blood levels?

  22. Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 adolescents mothers adults Cumulative distribution of the estimated intake of “dioxins” (pg TEQ/kg bw/d)

  23. Estimated intake of DL-substances versus blood levels of sum PCBs umbilical cord blood age range 18 - 40 y

  24. Estimated intake of DL-substances versus blood levels of sum PCBs

  25. Estimated intake of DL-substances versus dioxin activity in blood (calux) Calux?

  26. Estimated contribution of food groups (%) to intake of dioxin-like substances

  27. In conclusion • Estimated intake of food items (and contaminants) shows differences for sex, age, region… • Half of the Flemish population exceeds the TDI for dioxin-like substances • Main contributors for dioxin-like substances are fish, added fats, dairy products and meat. • Some relation between dietary habits and blood levels of fat-soluble contaminants can be seen.

  28. Thanks to my co-workers at the Department of Public Health • Mia Bellemans • Mieke De Maeyer • Christophe Matthys • Stefaan De Henauw • Jan Willems • Guy De Backer Department of Public Health – Ghent University www.milieu-en-gezondheid.be

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