Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology

1. Office of Nuclear Energy, Scienceand Technology International Nuclear Safety Program April 13, 1998

2. Program Objectives • Enhance nuclear safety and regulatoryinfrastructure • Strengthen operational and physicalplant conditions • Enhance safety culture

3. DOE-NE International Nuclear Safety Program Objectives • Conduct safety evaluations that meet international standards • Improve the physical condition of plants and install safety equipment • Establish a nuclear safety culture in which safety takes priority over power production • Develop improved safety procedures and train operators in their use • Establish regional training centers for reactor personnel • Develop a legislative and regulatory framework for nuclear plant design, construction and operation that meets international requirements.

4. DOE-NE International Nuclear Safety Program (Cont.) • Conduct of operations • Operator exchanges • Configuration management • Training • Simulator development • Emergency operating instructions • Event reporting and analysis

5. DOE-NE International Nuclear Safety Program (Cont.) • Quality assurance • Nondestructive examination • Safety systems upgrades and assessments • Nuclear fuel management improvements • Regulatory / institutional framework development

6. Program Participants U.S. Department of State U.S. Department of Energy Policy & U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Office of Nuclear Energy, U.S. Agency for Guidance Commission Science and Technology International Development • Russia • Hungary Coordination with G-7, • Ukraine • Lithuania Participating International Financial • Bulgaria • Slovakia Countries Institutions • Czech • Armenia Republic • Kazakhstan Program Implementation Lead Technical and Administrative Support Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Host Country U.S. U.S. Organizations Industrial National and Nuclear Organizations Laboratories Power Plants

7. Program Participants • United States Participants • Government Agencies • National Laboratories • Electric Utilities • Industrial Organizations • Reactor Vendor Firms • Architect-Engineer Firms • Equipment Vendor Firms • Consultant Firms

8. Program Participants (Cont.) • Host Country Participants • Government Agencies • Scientific Institutes • Reactor Owners/Operators • Industrial Organizations • Reactor Vendor Firms • Architect-Engineer Firms • Testing Facilities

9. Organizations and Roles Department of EnergyOffice of Nuclear Energy, Science and TechnologyOffice of International Nuclear Safety Roles: • Policy/Program Management • Technical Oversight • Budget/Financial Oversight • Government Negotiations/Agreements State, AID, NRC Roles: • Policy • Funding Source • Negotiation/Agreement G-7 and European Union Countries Roles: • Partners in Former Soviet Union Country Activities Host Countries: Former Soviet Union Countries and Other Nations Cooperating on Nuclear Issues Roles: • Defines Program Needs • Technical Project Implementation • Recipients of Technology Transfer

10. Soviet-Designed Nuclear Reactors

11. International Nuclear Safety Program Current Nuclear Energy Projects in Ukraine($ millions) Funds Allocated Through FY 1998 Nuclear Safety 146.50 Shutdown and Decommissioning 3.55 Chornobyl Heat Plant 9.00 Capacity Factor Improvements 0.85 Chornobyl Safety Center 6.40 Bilateral Shelter Projects 16.60 Total Funds for Ukraine 182.90

12. U.S. Nuclear Safety Support in Ukraine

13. Chornobyl Projects 1. Site replacement Heat Plant 2. Unit 1 shutdown and deactivation 3. Shelter implementation plan and bilateral projects 4. Chornobyl Center

14. Chornobyl – Nuclear Power Plant

15. Chornobyl Site Replacement Heat Plant • One of the nine facilities needed for site heating and Chornobyldecommissioning; U.S. commitment to G-7 • Other facilities being funded by European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Commission • Joint DOE/Ukraine cost-shared project; U.S. $12.5 million, Ukraine & $7.5 million • U.S. payments tied to 30 performance-based milestones • 290 MWt facility to be commissioned by March 2000 • Construction to be completed in two phases • Phase 1 by August 1998 • Phase 2 by October 1999 • Overall project management responsibility with Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant; oversight by DOE/PNNL and subcontractors • ChNPP project management group staffed and mobilized

16. Chornobyl Site ReplacementHeat Plant – (Cont.) Funding FY 1996 FY 1997 FY 1998 FY 1999 $6.0M $3.0M $3.5M

17. Chornobyl Site Replacement HeatPlant – (Cont.)

18. Unit 1 Shutdown and Deactivation • December 1995 Memorandum of Understanding between G-7 and government of Ukraine to close Chornobyl reactors by 2000; G-7 agree to help Ukraine in Chornobyl closure • August 1995 decommissioning plan developed by AEA Technologies under European Commission Tacis -- 540MECU cost • Nine major facilities needed for decommissioning • Westinghouse lead Project Management Unit under EBRD funding for design and construction of liquid radwaste facilities • SGN and AEA Technologies On-Site Assistance Team under Tacis responsible for developing licensing and detailed D&D plan and solid waste facilities • EBRD, EC, and U.S. close coordination to avoid duplicationof efforts • U.S. support focused on Unit 1 permanent shutdown and deactivation; EBRD and EC support focused on D&D plans, safety cases, and facilities

19. Unit 1 Shutdown and Deactivation – (Cont.) • U.S. bilateral project initially focused on front end work for developing requirements for: • D&D needs • Detailed D&D plan • Safety analysis report • Comprehensive radiation and engineering survey • Ukraine Cabinet of Ministers and Nuclear Regulatory Administration have recently required ChNPP to develop and implement shutdown and quality assurance plan, and prepare safety analysis for Unit 1 • U.S. support has been redirected to assist ChNPP in development and implementation of activities for Unit 1 shutdown to: • Establish and document existing Plant configuration, physical condition and radiation levels • Develop safety analysis report/technical specifications/procedures to support deactivation of unecessary system • Funding FY 1997 $3.55M

20. DOE Involvement at Chornobyl Shelter Objective: • To assist in international effort to convert Chornobyl Shelter and destroyed reactor Unit 4 into a stable, environmentally safe, manageable system Approach: • Provide urgent operational safety improvements • Support international program • Avoid conflicts and duplication

21. Chornobyl • 26 April 1986Damaged Unit

22. Chornobyl – Unit 4 (sarcophagus construction)

23. Chornobyl • Completion of SARCOPHAGUSNovember 1986

24. Basis for DOE-NE Involvement with Shelter • December 1995 Memorandum of Understanding between Ukraine and G-7 countries • Commits Ukraine to Chornobyl closure by 2000 • Commits G-7 to assistance and compensation for power replacement • Conversion of Shelter to safe stable confinement • Energy replacement • Restructuring of energy sector • Social and economic recovery programs

25. Shelter Project Chronology • International Competition, 1992 – 1993 • Study: Alliance-Shelter Study (EC-TACIS), 1994–1995 • Memorandum of Understanding (G-7 - Ukraine), December 1995 • Study: Short- and Long-Term Measures (EC-TACIS+US-DOE), 1996 • Study: Shelter Implementation Plan (EC-TACIS+US-DOE), 1997 • SIP-Approval (G-7-Ukraine), June 1997

26. Shelter Implementation Plan • The SIP is a logic-based program based on Shelter information, analyses, and assessments available to date and featuring: • Early Biddable Projects (EBPs) to develop the bases for optimizing and finalizing design decisions • Also define and initiate balance of required infrastructure improvements • 10 milestones (3 key) to integrate and drive final decisions • Long-term tasks to achieve safe confinement compatible with FCM removal strategy / decisions

27. Shelter Implementation Plan

28. Criteria for Selection and Specificationof Early Biddable Projects • Urgent to risk management • Essential to improve levels of knowledge and engineering to support decision making • Critical path • Readily implementable • Created construction infrastructure

29. Early Biddable Projects – (Cont.) • Civil Engineering • Stabilization, design integration and mobilization • Structural investigation and monitoring • Geotechnical investigation • Safe confinement strategy • Operations and Monitoring • Seismic characterization and monitoring • Radiological protection program • Industrial safety, fire protection, infrastructure and access control • Integrated monitoring system • Integrated database/configuration management

30. Early Biddable Projects – (Cont.) • Emergency Systems • Emergency preparedness • Dust management • Emergency dust suppression system • Criticality control and nuclear safety • Contained water management • Fuel Containing Material • Fuel containing material (FCM) initial characterization • FCM removal and waste management strategy • FCM removal technology development

31. Early Biddable Project Cash Flow Analysis

32. SIP Schedule Overview • SIP approved by G7/GOU 5/97 • G-7 pledges $300M (U.S. = $78M) 6/97 • Ukrainians pledge $50M 7/97 • PMU/EBP expressions of interest 8/15 - 9/15/97 • ROW pledges $37M 11/97 • PMU RFPs 12/15/97 - 2/15/98 • EBP RFPs 12/15/97 - 3/15/98 • EBP awards/performance 6/98 - 1/4/99 • Key decision PI 3/99(Stabilization & shielding strategy) • Long-term projects 4/99 - 3/06

33. SIP Project Structure R0W G-7 Donors $ $ InternationalAdvisory Group EBRD Fund Administration EBRD Monitor Ch NPP Beneficiary NRA Liaison Group PMU ChNPP Consultant Executing Agency Architect Engineers EPO1 EPO2 EPO3 Contractors/suppliers

34. U.S. Bilateral Chornobyl Shelter Projects Objective: • To provide materials, equipment, and training needed improve worker safety~$9.9M • Support international efforts • Equipment needs projects • Dose reduction • Neutron (criticality) monitoring • Dust suppression • Industrial safety

35. Chornobyl Shelter Project U.S. Early Start Projects Objective: • Complete front-end studies and urgent safety measures that enhance or accelerate SIP implementation • ~$2.6M • Unit 3/4 vent stack stabilization • Preliminary studies and assessments(modeling needs assessment, robotics needs assessment, structural background information, emergency planning assessment)

36. International Chornobyl Center A New CollaborativeResearch Center Will Help Ukraine SafelyManage Nuclear Activitiesand Solve Environmental Cleanup Problems

37. Chornobyl Center Chornobyl Center established with the following objectives: • Provide a means to address environmental, ecological, and health issues for areas affected by the Chornobyl accident • Help to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts associated with the closure of the Chornobyl plant • Develop sustainable operational safety programs that support Ukrainian nuclear power plants • Help develop and maintain in-country expertise in nuclear sciences • Address decontamination and decommissioning, spent fuel, and waste management issues at Chornobyl and elsewhere in Ukraine.

38. Chornobyl Initiative (Cont.) • April 1996, Ukraine established International Chornobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology in Slavutich • DOE helped start up Center and has initiated several projects • Satellite communications established between Slavutich and Richland, Washington