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Soil Review

Learn about the different types of weathering, mass movement, and chemical weathering processes that shape Earth's soil. Discover the factors that trigger mass movement and understand the importance of soil composition.

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Soil Review

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  1. Soil Review Ms. Sanderson

  2. The gradual rounding of the corners and edges of angular blocks of rock is called __ • Unloading • Exfoliation • Mechanical weathering • Spheroidal weathering

  3. Spheroidal weathering

  4. Which of the following is NOT a major component of soil? • Mineral matter • Air • Earthworms • humus

  5. earthworms

  6. The process responsible for moving material downslope under the influence of gravity is called __ • Weathering • Soil formation • Erosion • Mass movement

  7. Mass movement

  8. A mass movement that involves the sudden movement of a block of material along a flat, incline surface is called __ • Slide • Rockfall • Flow • slump

  9. slide

  10. The atmospheric gas that forms acid rain when dissolved in water is __. • Carbon dioxide • Sulfur • Oxygen • aluminum

  11. Carbon dioxide

  12. Why can the removal of vegetation trigger mass movement? • The plant roots lubricate the loose sediment • The plant roots bind the soil & regolith together • The soil loses nutrients and begins to crumble • The shaking triggers mass movements

  13. The plant roots bind the soil and regolith together

  14. The downward movement of a block of material along a curved surface is called a(n) ___.

  15. Slump

  16. In the process of ___, water freezes and expands, enlarging cracks in rocks.

  17. Frost wedging

  18. The process that occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rock’s chemical composition is called __. • Chemical weathering • Differential weathering • Mechanical weathering • erosion

  19. Mechanical weathering

  20. Which of the following is the result of chemical weathering? • A rock that has been split in two • A rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds • A rock that has been broken into tiny pieces • A rock that has lost its outer layers

  21. A rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds

  22. In a well-developed soil profile, which horizon is the uppermost layer? • The A horizon • The B horizon • The C horizon • The parent horizon

  23. A horizon

  24. The process called __ involved physical forces that break rock into smaller pieces.

  25. Mechanical weathering

  26. What is the force behind mass movement? • Gravity • Moving ice • Flowing water • The sun’s energy

  27. gravity

  28. One of the most dramatic triggers of sudden mass movement is a(n) __.

  29. Earthquake

  30. When a block of material moves downslope along a curved surface, the type of mass movement is called ___. • Creep • A rockslide • A rockfall • A slump

  31. slump

  32. Which of the following weathering processes involves the constant freezing and thawing of water? • Exfoliation • Spheroidal weathering • Unloading • Frost wedging

  33. Frost wedging

  34. A large pile of debris that forms at the base of a slope is called __.

  35. talus

  36. The layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering, and covering nearly all of Earth’s land surface, is called __.

  37. regolith

  38. What factor commonly triggers mass movement? • Removal of vegetation • Earthquakes • Saturation of the surface materials with water • All of the above

  39. All of the above

  40. How are the soil horizons ordered from the top of the profile to the bottom? • A, B, C • C, B, A • A, C, B • B, C, A

  41. A, B, C

  42. The B horizon is also called the __ • Partially altered parent material • Topsoil • Subsoil • Unaltered parent material

  43. subsoil

  44. The downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under the direct influence of gravity is called a(n) ___.

  45. Mass movement

  46. The process that changes rock into one or more new compounds is called _____.

  47. Chemical weathering

  48. A soil’s texture is determined by __ • Particle size • Water content • Type of humus • Mineral composition

  49. Particle size

  50. Which of the following is NOT associated with mechanical weathering? • Biological activity • Frost wedging • Unloading • Reactions with oxygen

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