The 7 th Global Precipitation Measurement International Planning Workshop

1. Role of Satellite based precipitation informationin the mountainous region Madan L. ShresthaNepal Academy of Science and Technology The 7th Global Precipitation Measurement International Planning Workshop Bellesalle Kudan, Tokyo, Japan 5-7 December

2. Major Weather Systems Turkmenistan Afghanistan China Iran Pakistan Nepal Bhutan Bangladesh India Oman Myanmar Laos 26º 22' N - 30º 27' N Lat. 80º 4'E - 88º 12'E Long. Thailand Cambodia 0 100 200 400 Kilometers 0 65 130 260 Kilometers Sri Lanka Malaysia • Northern limit Of the • Tropics. • Southern lap of the Himalayas • Mountainous country • Topographically • complex • Affected by monsoon • In summer and western • disturbances in winter Western disturbances Summer Monsoon

3. Physiography

4. GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL ­ Ministry of Environment, Science & Technology Department of Hydrology & Meteorology Meteorological Station Network S " " S S " S " " S S " " S S " S " " S S " " S S " " S S " Physiographic Regions High Himalaya High Mountain Legend Middle Mountain Siwalik Synop (15) S " Terai

5. GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL ­ Ministry of Environment, Science & Technology Department of Hydrology & Meteorology Meteorological Station Network J " " J J " " J " J S " S " " J J " " S J " J " J " J " " J J " S " " J " J J " " J S " J " " J J " J " " J " J " J S " J " J " " S J " " J J " J " " S J " " J J " " J " J " J " J " J J " S " " J J " " J J " J " J " J " J " J " S " J " S " S " J " " J S " J " " J " J S " " J " J " J J " " J J " " J J " " J " J J " " S Physiographic Regions High Himalaya Legend High Mountain Middle Mountain Synop (15) S " Siwalik Climate (68) " J Terai

6. GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL ­ Ministry of Environment, Science & Technology Department of Hydrology & Meteorology Meteorological Station Network J " " J J " J " J " " S S " " J J " " S J " * # " J " J " J J " " J # * " S " J " J J " J " " S " J J " " J J " " J # * J " J " # * S " " J J " # * " S J " " J J " " J S " * # # * " J * # " J " J J " J " * # " J " J J " J " " S J " * # J " # * * # J " * # J " J " J " J " J " # * J " S " # * J " " S " S J " J " * # S " J " J " J " * # # * S " J " # * J " J " " J J " " J J " # * " J " J * # " J * # " J " S Physiographic Regions Legend High Himalaya Synop (15) High Mountain " S Middle Mountain Climate (68) " J Siwalik Agromet (22) * # Terai

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8. The Diversity HIGH HIMALAYA TRANS HIMALAYA MIDLANDS TERAI

9. MeteorologicalStations in Nepal • Rainfall Station 337 • Climate Station 67 • Agrometeorological Station 22 • Synoptic Station 9 • Aerosynoptic Station 6 Total 442 Automatic Weather Station 18

10. Rainfall distribution High rainfall pocket areas - Middle mountains Extreme rainfall areas Churia and Terai regions

11. Jomsom PET > P Therefore these regions have a continual water deficit. P > PET Therefore these regions have water excess throughout the year.

12. Extreme rainfall events

13. On 10 July 2007 heavy rain in the village of Khunde in Everest region produced a devastating mud slide

14. July 10-11 Heavy rainfall Precipitation in Khumbu region July 1-31, 2007 TRMM-3B42 data (Yasunari, 2007 in prep.) 27.75N, 86.75E [mm/h] 27.5-28N 86.5-87E [mm/h] 27-28N 86.5-87.5E [mm/h] 27-29N 86-88E [mm/h]

15. Day – Time cross section of rainfall (3B42) at 27.75N, 86.75E inJuly in 2007 July 10 Time of day [UTC] Day of year Heavy rainfall And flood

16. Rainfall distribution 2007 JUL9-13 at 6hourly TRMM 3B42 [LT=UTC　＋　6] Contour ・・・topograghy 1000m,2500m,5000, [mm/h] Heavy rain 　 ↓ この豪雨の前後を 時空間的に細かく見ると 　　　　　↓↓

17. Use of such satellite precipitation data Remotely sensed precipitation data (ex. TRMM) is invaluable. Validation of these data can be made with available in situ data. Enhance the research capability and help to monitor the precipitation, both in the temporal as well as the spatial manner in a remote area, otherwise not possible. Understand the interaction of monsoon circulation with the orography.

18. Constraint and Challenges • Installation of stations in high mountains is difficult and demand more time and resources. • Accessibility of TRMM data? • Any other such precipitation data available? • Need of the training on such available data sets • Resolution of the data • Downscaling of the data to apply in a complex topography like the Himalayas.