Stressors

1. Stressors A brief introduction to a revolutionary approach to impact management

2. In the beginning… …We spoke of threats. Common threats included: • Loss of resource quantity • Loss of resource quality • Disruption of a process

3. Threats Loss of resource quantity: • Habitat loss • Reduced availability of a resource (i.e., resource depletion as opposed to removal) • Barriers to movement/restricted access

4. Threats Loss of resource quality: • Habitat degradation • Fragmentation

5. Threats Disruption of processes: • Ecological: cyclical processes disrupted (e.g., hydrologic cycles, fire regimes, natural succession) • Physiological: hibernation, estivation, metamorphosis processes disrupted • Biological: predation rates, competition rates

6. The Problem Problem: One has to know the species to comprehend a threat • Fragmentation • Habitat degradation • Loss of breeding habitat

7. The Problem(s) Predation Rates Inter-special Competition Prey Base Dynamic Population dynamics Basic Habitat Need and Function

8. Then came stressors…

9. Stressors Increased predation rates Or Wildlife access to foodstuffs? What would we tell a project proponent to avoid, minimize, and mitigate?

10. Stressors A stressor is a clear descriptor that needs little to no interpretation • Sedimentation • Soil compaction • Vegetation removal • Floating debris • Chemical contamination

11. Stressors • Active agents • Vehicle strikes • Trampling • Ensnarement • Electrocution • Physical agents • Chemical effluent • Sedimentation • Artificial light

12. Conservation Needs • Breeding • Feeding • Sheltering

13. Species Need: Breeding Resource 1 R2 R3 R4 Stressor 1 S2 S3 S4 Species have three needs (i.e., breeding, feeding, sheltering). A need has resources associated with it (e.g., Breeding need: forested wetlands to nest in, riparian areas to rear young in). The resources have stressors impacting them.

14. Resources • Individual • Habitat • Circumstance

15. Conservation Needs