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Prehistoric Archaeology in Wyoming

Prehistoric Archaeology in Wyoming. Chronology of Prehistoric Archaeology in Wyoming. Paleo-Indian (12,000 to 8000 Years B.P.) Early Archaic (8000 to 5000 Years B.P.) Middle Archaic (5000 to 2000 Years B.P.) Late Archaic (2000 to 250 Years B.P.) Historic Period. Paleo-Indian Period.

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Prehistoric Archaeology in Wyoming

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  1. Prehistoric Archaeology in Wyoming

  2. Chronology of Prehistoric Archaeology in Wyoming • Paleo-Indian (12,000 to 8000 Years B.P.) • Early Archaic (8000 to 5000 Years B.P.) • Middle Archaic (5000 to 2000 Years B.P.) • Late Archaic (2000 to 250 Years B.P.) • Historic Period

  3. Paleo-Indian Period • cooler and wetter climate • multiple lakes and large marshes • retreating glaciers • massive flood events • ice-free corridor • coastal route

  4. Paleo-Indian Period • Large projectile points Clovis Folsom Agate Angostura Alberta Eden Scottsbluff Basin

  5. Archaic (8000-250 Years Before Present) • Warmer and drier • Extinction of Pleistocene Mega-Fauna • Atlatl and arrow points • Greater reliance on plants • More diverse artifact assemblage and features • Gaming pieces, ceramics, adornment shells • Quarries and lithic work shops • Village sites, house pits, wickiups • Rock art • Anadromous fish (weirs, hooks, net weights) • Burials much more common

  6. Mummy cave - stratigraphy

  7. House pit

  8. Lithic scatter

  9. Site location

  10. Plains Culture

  11. Paleo – E. archaic Wyoming Plains Cultural Area • Large permanent village sites • Seasonal camps for hunting and gathering • River settlements • Bison-centric • Complex fishing technology • Canoes

  12. Wyoming Tribes- Traditional Lands

  13. Federally Recognized Tribes Wyoming Specific Traditional Lands Shoshone-Bannock Northern Ute Crow Cheyenne • Northern Arapaho • Eastern Shoshone

  14. Plains Cultural Area Arapaho Cheyenne Crow • Algonquian and Siouan language group • Mobile hunter and gatherers • Small summer campsites (family units) • Large winter encampments • Resource areas • Bison • Acorns and berries • Mountain game & fish • Lithics

  15. Lithic scatter

  16. Great Basin Cultural Area Northern Ute Eastern Shoshone • Mobile hunter and gatherers • Small summer campsites (family units) • Large winter encampments • Resource areas • Rabbit • Bison • Mountain game & fish • Lithics

  17. Historic Period • Contact with Europeans and their cultural materials • Horse • Firearms • Steel • European Diseases • Written History/ Ethnographers • Lewis and Clark • Early Fur Trade

  18. Lithic scatter

  19. Lithic scatter

  20. Devils Tower Arapaho Cheyenne Crow Kiowa Lakota

  21. Rock Art • Pictographs • Petroglyphs

  22. Rock Art – Shield

  23. Rock Art – Shield

  24. Natural Features of Cultural or Religious Significance

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