1 / 26

Second State of European Cities Report

Brussels, 29 June 2011. Second State of European Cities Report. Uwe Neumann, RWI. Report prepared for the European Commission , Directorate -General for Regional Policy under a contract following a call for tenders “Urban Audit Analysis II“ by

rkendra
Download Presentation

Second State of European Cities Report

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Brussels, 29 June 2011 Second State of European Cities Report Uwe Neumann, RWI Report preparedforthe European Commission, Directorate-General for Regional Policyunder a contractfollowinga callfortenders “Urban Audit Analysis II“ by RWI (Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung) Difu (German Institute for Urban Affairs) PRAC (Policy Research andConsultancy) NEA Transport Research and Training Essen, Berlin, Bad Soden, Zoetermeer, November 2010

  2. Contents Introduction: Issues and approach City typology Urban Trends Results/Policy Implications

  3. Issues of the report • providing up-to-date policy-relevant information on urban characteristics and urban dynamics in Europe • discussion of intermediate results with DG Regio, Eurostat, a panel of experts and a panel of representatives from all EU countries • The key issues arise from the literature on • urbanisation, • economic change and its impact on social cohesion, • the emergence of a knowledge economy, • governance of cities and regions. • These issues correspond with the priorities for a reformed cohesion policy: innovation, climate change, migration, children, skills, ageing (Barca 2009) Introduction

  4. Results from Urban Audit City Panel Workshop with 30 city representatives in Berlin,March 2009 Question to panel members: “Do you know any projects, publications or reports in your country where Urban Audit data was used?” Own survey among 27 members of City Panel Further remarks • Response rates vary to a high extent among countries and cities. • National responsibility could be delegated to a small team instead of one person. • Many workshop participants had not been using Urban Audit data so far. • Urban Audit in general was assessed as useful, particularly for comparison between cities similar in size and characteristics. Introduction

  5. City Typology

  6. City typology Comparison of cities with similar basic characteristics Based on the Urban Audit 2004 - update and revision of typology from first State of European Cities Report Statistical classification using a step-wise strategy of “information compaction” City typology

  7. City typology – Indicators by UA Domain Total resident population – F4 % of population < 5 – F2 % of population 35-45 – F1 % of population > 75 – F1 Total population: core city/LUZ ratio – F1 (-) Population change 2001-2004 (in %) – F2, F3 GDP per head in PPS* - F1  Patent intensity** - F1 % of employment in services – F1, F3 New businesses in % of all companies % of units providing ICT services – F1, F2 Unemployment rate – F1 (-) DE EC Natural population change 2004 – F2  Murders and violent deaths per 1,000 inhabitants Multimodal accessibility (EU27=100) – F1 Population density – F4  TT SA days PM10 concentrations >50 µg/m3 % of solid waste processed by landfill – F1 (-) Prop. of working age population qualified at level 5 or 6 ISCED (university) – F3  ISCED 5-6 (university) students per 1000 inhabitants EN TE Annual cinema attendance per resident – F1 CR F1-F4: Factors 1-4,  = highest correlation with factor * Additional data (NUTS 3) ** Data from European Patent Authority City typology

  8. City types Own calculation based on the Urban Audit (2004) City typology

  9. City types A Principal Metropolises B Regional Centres C Smaller Centres D Towns & Cities of the Lagging Regions Urban Audit (EU) Urban Audit (non-EU) Size of circle is relative to population in core city* in 2004 10,000,000 1,000,000 500,000 100,000 *Paris: Kernel Own calculation based on the Urban Audit (2004) City typology

  10. Urban Trends

  11. Population Population change by city type 2001 – 2004 in % Own calculation based on the Urban Audit (2001, 2004), 329 obs. (core cities), 294 obs. (LUZ) … picture of urban growth in Europe is diverse. … urban population in Europe grew from 2001 to 2004. …fastest growth in largest and most prosperous urban regions. In Principal Metro- polises, growth was high in the outer urban zones. Cities in lagging regions have not yet managed to “catch up”. Urban Trends: Population

  12. Population Average annual population change 2001-2004 in LUZ in %, by country, macro-region and city type Urban Trends: Population

  13. Population The first component of city growth is migration. Northern Europe: city growth corresponds with net migration Central Europe: cities lose population due to out-migration Western and Southern Europe: diverse picture The second component is natural population change. low urban birth rates in Northern, Western and Southern Europe, high urban birth rates in Central Europe city growth due to birth surpluses in peripheral regions cities of Western/Southern Europe and large cities of Central Europe: growth depends on attracting migrants, because there is a surplus of deaths over births. Urban Trends: Population

  14. Economy …disparity of wealth between macro-regions …concentration of wealth in capital cities …below-average prosperity in Smaller Centres (Type C) … low prosperity in Towns & Cities of Lagging Regions (Type D) GDP per head (in PPS) by country, macro-region and city type Own calculation based on the Urban Audit (2004) and regional statistics from Eurostat (NUTS 3) Urban Trends: Economy

  15. Multi-modal accessibility 2004, deviation from the EU27 average in % Own calculation based on the Urban Audit (2004) Urban Trends: Economy

  16. …high concentration of services in large cities of Northern and Western Europe Tertiarisation Proportion of employment in the finance sector and in other services Core cities with >85% of employees in the service sector, 2004, in % Own calculation based on the Urban Audit (2004) Urban Trends: Economy

  17. Patent intensity …innovation and prosperity combine Patent applications per 100,000 inhabitants, 2004 above 50 25 - 50 5 - 25 1 - 5 below 1 Urban Audit (EU) Urban Audit (non-EU) Size of circle is relative to population in core city* in 2004 10,000,000 1,000,000 500,000 100,000 *Paris: Kernel Own calculation based on PATSTAT Urban Trends: Economy

  18. The most prosperous cities attract the largest number of immigrants from foreign countries; international migration to peripheral locations is low. Share of foreigners By city type, 2004 (in %) A Principal Metro- polises B Regional Centres C D Smaller Centres Towns & Cities of the Lagging Regions Own calculation based on the Urban Audit (2004) Urban Trends: Cultural Diversity

  19. Unemployment rate (2004) and change of unemployment rate 2001-2004 in core cities and outer zones of LUZ In large cities unemployment concentrates in core cities, in small and peripheral cities in inner and outer zones. Unemployment rate 2004, in % In the Towns and Cities of the Lagging Regions unemployment is high but decreased from 2001 and 2004, both in core cities and outer zones. Change of unemployment rate 2001-2004, in %-points Core Cities: dark colour Outer Zones: light colour Own calculation based on the Urban Audit (2004) Urban Trends: Socialcohesion

  20. It is an urban paradox that in many cities throughout Europe, employment rates are below the national averages, while most jobs are concentrated in cities. Employment rate Ratio of employed persons to population of working age 2004 (in %) Own calculation based on the Urban Audit (2004) Urban Trends: Socialcohesion

  21. Governance The term ”governance” is widely used to refer to matters of both public administration and civic involvement. As an instrument to measure the capacity of municipal administration, the index of “city powers” as elaborated by the first State of European Cities report has been revised in this section. Cities with relatively large administrative “powers” draw their overall scope more from political autonomy than from sheer size or “weight” within countries. The proportion of municipal authority income derived from local taxation is therefore a highly relevant indicator of the scope of municipal authorities to engage in local “governance” processes. Urban Trends: Governance

  22. In Southern and Central Europe, at least half of the cities in each country report PM10 concentrations above the limit of 50µg/m3 on more than 50 days per year. Air quality Number of days PM10 concentrations exceed 50 µg/m³ 2004 Own calculation based on the Urban Audit (2004) Urban Trends: Environment

  23. Selected results Results/Conclusions …diverse picture of population growth and decline European cities. Depending on fertility rates and migration flows, cities face challenges such as a shrinking and ageing population. …high concentration of economic prosperity in parts of Northern and Western Europe and in capital cities of most countries. The potential for growth exists across all types of territories. Cities are focal points of regional innovation networks. European policy can support favourable conditions for education, research and exchange particularly in cities. …urban paradox persists: jobs concentrate in cities, but many city residents do not participate in the labour market. Social inclusion is therefore a key priority of the urban dimension of cohesion policy.

  24. Policy Implications …task of EU policy to support regions and cities in improving the conditions of life and work in densely populated areas. …support of cities in matching the supply of skills with labour market demands. …support of economic performance in smaller cities and more remote regions of Central Europe, so qualified people can find adequate job opportunities there. …support of “smart specialisation”, which seeks to identify and support the economic core activities of a region, i.e. focusing on endogenous potentials. …monitoring of the environmental situation in cities and support of cities/regions to overcome the “paradox of affluence”, i.e. the environmental impact of production. Results/Conclusions

  25. Implications for European city statistics European policy must be built on sound information about territorial diversity. Success of European policy depends on measures with an urban focus. Continuing efforts to improve knowledge about urban characteristics and trends are required. annual UA with reduced indicator set complete UA in three-year steps Large City Audit: reduced indicator set for all ~250 non-UA cities Urban Atlas, CARP Results/Conclusions

  26. Full report available at: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/themes/urban/audit/index_en.htm Executive summary available in three languages DE, EN, FR

More Related