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Chapter 2 Basic SQL SELECT Statements

Chapter 2 Basic SQL SELECT Statements. Chapter Objectives. Distinguish between an RDBMS and an ORDBMS Identify keywords, mandatory clauses, and optional clauses in a SELECT statement Select and view all columns of a table Select and view one column of a table. Chapter Objectives.

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Chapter 2 Basic SQL SELECT Statements

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  1. Chapter 2Basic SQL SELECT Statements Oracle9i: SQL

  2. Chapter Objectives • Distinguish between an RDBMS and an ORDBMS • Identify keywords, mandatory clauses, and optional clauses in a SELECT statement • Select and view all columns of a table • Select and view one column of a table Oracle9i: SQL

  3. Chapter Objectives • Display multiple columns of a table • Use a column alias to clarify the contents of a particular column • Perform basic arithmetic operations in the SELECT clause Oracle9i: SQL

  4. Chapter Objectives • Remove duplicate lists, using either the DISTINCT or UNIQUE keyword • Combine fields, literals, and other data • Format output Oracle9i: SQL

  5. Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) An RDBMS is the software program used to create the database and it allows you to enter, manipulate, and retrieve data Oracle9i: SQL

  6. Object Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS) Same as an RDBMS except it can be used to reference objects such as maps and object fields Oracle9i: SQL

  7. SELECT Statement Syntax • SELECT statements are used to retrieve data from the database • Syntax gives the basic structure, or rules, for a command Oracle9i: SQL

  8. SELECT Statement Syntax Optional clauses and keywords are shown in brackets Oracle9i: SQL

  9. SELECT Statement Syntax • SELECT and FROM clauses are required • SELECT clause identifies column(s) • FROM clause identifies table(s) • Each clause begins with a keyword Oracle9i: SQL

  10. Selecting All Data in a Table Substitute an asterisk for the column names in a SELECT clause Oracle9i: SQL

  11. Selecting One Column from a Table Enter column name in SELECT clause Oracle9i: SQL

  12. Selecting Multiple Columns from a Table Separate column names with a comma Oracle9i: SQL

  13. Operations Within the SELECT Statement • Column alias can be used for column headings • Perform arithmetic operations • Suppress duplicates • Concatenate data Oracle9i: SQL

  14. Column Alias • List after column heading • AS keyword is optional • Enclose in double quotation marks: • If it contains blank space(s) • If it contains special symbol(s) • To retain case Oracle9i: SQL

  15. Column Alias Example Oracle9i: SQL

  16. Arithmetic Operations • Executed left to right • Multiplication and division are solved first • Addition and subtraction are solved last • Override order with parentheses Oracle9i: SQL

  17. Example Arithmetic Operation with Column Alias Oracle9i: SQL

  18. Suppressing Duplicates Enter DISTINCT or UNIQUE after SELECT keyword Oracle9i: SQL

  19. Concatenation • Can combine data with string literal • Use concatenation operator, || • Allows use of column alias Oracle9i: SQL

  20. Concatenation Example Oracle9i: SQL

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