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Chapter 16 - Tobacco

Chapter 16 - Tobacco. How was tobacco first introduced / marketed to society? What is the difference between cigarettes and e-cigarettes?. Cigarettes Nicotine Psychoactive drug in cigarettes. Tar The dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns

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Chapter 16 - Tobacco

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  1. Chapter 16 - Tobacco How was tobacco first introduced / marketed to society? What is the difference between cigarettes and e-cigarettes?

  2. CigarettesNicotinePsychoactive drug in cigarettes TarThe dark, sticky substance thatforms when tobacco burns Tar contains many chemicals that are known carcinogens, or cancer-causing agents. Secondhand smoke – environmental tobacco smoke

  3. Chemicals in Tobacco Products Effects of Nicotine Nervous System • Increases activity level • Mimics neurotransmitters • Decreases some reflex actions • Activates the brain’s “reward pathway” Cardiovascular System • Increases heart rate and the force of contractions • Increases blood pressure • Reduces blood flow to skin • Increases risk of blood clotting Respiratory System • Increases mucus production • Decreases muscle action in the lungs’ airways • Causes breathing to become more shallow Digestive System • Increases saliva production • Decreases the amount of insulin released from the pancreas • Increases bowel activity

  4. Risks of tobacco use COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) – gradual loss of lung function CHRONIC BRONCHITIS - inflamed airways EMPHYSEMA - alveoli in the lungs can no longer function properly CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE – disease of the heart and lungs CANCER

  5. After 5 years • Stroke risk is the same as a nonsmoker • Risk of mouth and throat cancer is half that of a current smoker After 10 years • Lung cancer rate is about half that of a current smoker • Life expectancy is comparable to a nonsmoker

  6. E- cigarettes Are E-cigarettes safe? Who is the target market / audience for E- cigarette manufacturers? What chemicals are in e-cigarette vapors?

  7. What do we know? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6hH-PQ7Ct8

  8. E-cigarettes – electronic nicotine delivery systemsor personal vaporizers Cartridge - Heating device - Power source Inhale an aerosol (vapor) containing nicotine or other substances Different Nicotine strengths Vaping – inhaling chemical vapor through a personal vaporizer

  9. FDA – US Food and Drug AdministrationAugust 8, 2016 • Authority to regulate the manufacturing, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products • Requires health warnings • Bans free samples • Requires manufacturers to show that their products meet the applicable public health standard set by law • Restricts youth access (must be over 18 and show Id) • Allows the FDA to further evaluate and assess the impact of these products on the health of both users and non-users

  10. FDA – US Food and Drug AdministrationAugust 8, 2016 Helps prevent young people from starting to use these products, helps consumers better understand the risks of using these products. Prohibits false and misleading product claims

  11. Nicotine is not safe – addictive substance • Negatively impacts adolescent brain development • Associated with lasting cognitive and behavioral impairments • Memory and attention • Mood Disorders • Withdrawal symptoms • Permanent lowering of impulse control

  12. The brain is still growing / developing until about 25 years old Each time a new memory is created or a new skill is learned, stronger connections – or synapses – are built between brain cells

  13. Aerosol (Vapor)propylene glycol • Contains nicotine and other potentially harmful chemicals, including known carcinogens • Ultrafine particles that can be inhaled deep into the lungs • Diacetyl (flavoring) chemical linked to a serious lung disease • Volatile organic compounds • Lead • Nickel

  14. Other Chemicals • Detectable levels of toxic cancer-causing chemicals in the flavored vapor • Antifreeze • Formaldehyde • FEMA GRAS – The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States – Generally recognized as safe • Acetaldehyde – colorless, flammable liquid - used as a flavoring agent • Toxic metal nanoparticles from the vapor mechanism

  15. RESEARCH • Found genetic changes to human bronchial cells grown in vitro in a medium exposed to e-cigarette vapor • Reduction in exhaled nitric oxide – alter lung function • Batteries have exploded • Refillable cartridges – exposure to potentially toxic levels of nicotine when refilling them

  16. ANTI – TOBACCO / ANTI – E-CIGARETTE CAMPAIGN Create an anti-smoking poster promoting a smoke free lifestyle (informative; entertaining; thought provoking) Target Audience : Peers

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