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Sharon Friel National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health The Australian National University

Trade, food and health inequity. Sharon Friel National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health The Australian National University 3 rd People’s Health Assembly, Cape Town 8 th July 2012. What do we want?. People-centred food systems. Fairness in .

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Sharon Friel National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health The Australian National University

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  1. Trade, food and health inequity Sharon Friel National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health The Australian National University 3rd People’s Health Assembly, Cape Town 8th July 2012

  2. What do we want?

  3. People-centred food systems Fairness in Amended, Lang and Heasman (2004) Food Wars: the global battle for mouths, minds and markets

  4. What have we got

  5. 1 billion undernourished people in the developing world IFPRI, Global Hunger Index 2010

  6. two billion people are overweight

  7. 3 drivers of dietary change • Liberalisation of international food trade • Increased foreign direct investment • Globalised advertising and marketing

  8. Bilateral Investment Treaties explode Slide: Richard Baldwin

  9. Proliferation of new generation RTAs – broader scope and deeper integration UNESCAP 2010, Asia Pacific Trade Investment Report 2011

  10. Four trade-related pathways of concern for nutrition and health equity • Nutritional quality and quantity of imports • Foreign direct investment – convenience creep • Limitations on domestic policy instruments • Reduce tax-revenue base of governments to fund nutrition health and social programs

  11. Quantity of mutton flaps imported into Tonga, 1980–2007 • In 2004 mutton flap consumption was about 600 g per week per adult and comprised 18% of total meat consumption • Draft legislation for import quota to any product that had >40% energy from fat • Under WTO trade rules quotas are perceived as highly trade distorting • WTO accession negotiations resulted in postponement of legislation Thow et al 2010 Food Policy 35: 556–564

  12. Nutritional quality and quantity of imports • Foreign direct investment – convenience creep • Limitations on domestic policy instruments • Reduce tax-revenue base of governments to fund nutrition health and social programs

  13. Per capita sales of unhealthy food and beverage commodities, 1997–2010, projected to 2016 Stuckler et al (2012) Manufacturing Epidemics: The Role of Global Producers in Increased Consumption of Unhealthy Commodities Including Processed Foods, Alcohol, and Tobacco. PLoS Med 9(6): e1001235. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001235

  14. FTAs, Soft Drink Consumption, 35 low- and middle-income countries, year 2010 Stuckler et al (2012) Manufacturing Epidemics: The Role of Global Producers in Increased Consumption of Unhealthy Commodities Including Processed Foods, Alcohol, and Tobacco. PLoS Med 9(6): e1001235. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001235

  15. Top 10 manufacturers of packaged foods Three quarters of world food sales involve processed foods, for which the largest manufacturers hold over a third of the global market. Stuckler et al (2012) Manufacturing Epidemics: The Role of Global Producers in Increased Consumption of Unhealthy Commodities Including Processed Foods, Alcohol, and Tobacco. PLoS Med 9(6): e1001235. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001235

  16. Nutritional quality and quantity of imports • Foreign direct investment – convenience creep • Limitations on domestic policy instruments • Reduce tax-revenue base of governments to fund nutrition health and social programs

  17. Thailand Snack Food Labelling • Technical Barriers to Trade Dispute • 2006 Proposed Traffic Light System X • Proposed Warning Label  • 2007 Label: • “Should consume small amounts, and exercise for a better health.” • changed to • “Should take less, and exercise for a better health”

  18. Nutritional quality and quantity of imports • Foreign direct investment – convenience creep • Limitations on domestic policy instruments • Tariffs: reduce tax-revenue base of governments to fund nutrition health and social programs

  19. Pacific Agreement of Closer Economic Relations (PACER PLUS) • Elimination of substantially all import tariffs between PICs and Australia and New Zealand • Most of the increase will be in PIC imports not exports Government Expend as % Total Budget Oxfam 2009

  20. Global food prices, 1990-2012 2002-2004=100 FAO 2012

  21. Food commodity speculation Trends in rice futures (2000–08) Pace and Costello (2008). Food commodity derivatives: a new cause of malnutrition. The Lancet Vol 371 May 17

  22. Thank you

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