1 / 50

Wide Area Networks (WAN) - Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

Wide Area Networks (WAN) - Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH). AAU Jens H. Sørensen jhaus@tdc.dk 20 Oktober 2005. Table of Contents. Objectives Introduction to WANs Typical WAN Technologies SDH Protocol SDH Equipment SDH Networks SDH Network Management SDH Services (partly 2nd part)

rolf
Download Presentation

Wide Area Networks (WAN) - Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Wide Area Networks (WAN) -Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) AAU Jens H. Sørensen jhaus@tdc.dk 20 Oktober 2005

  2. Table of Contents • Objectives • Introduction to WANs • Typical WAN Technologies • SDH Protocol • SDH Equipment • SDH Networks • SDH Network Management • SDH Services (partly 2nd part) • WDM/OTN (2nd part) • Network availability, restoration and automatic protection (2nd part) • Next/new Generation SDH and relations to IP, ATM, WDM, Ethernet … (2nd part) • Network Synchronisation (2nd part)

  3. Objectives Discussion of • LAN versus WAN, scaleability issues • WAN technologies, overview • Typical WANs, examples, SDH • Relations to networks based on Ethernet/IP/ATM/DSL … • Upcoming WAN networks

  4. What is a WAN? • Definition of "WAN" according to Webopedia: • A computernetwork that spans a relatively large geographical area. • Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area networks (LANs). • Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as the telephone system. They can also be connected through leased lines or satellites. • The largest WAN in existence is the Internet.

  5. Introduction to WANs

  6. Introductionto WANsExampleHigh CapacityLinks

  7. Introductionto WANsExamplePhysical andlogical Links

  8. Introduction to WANs - scaleability • Can Ethernet based LANs be connected nationwide supporting millions of users? • Scaleability issues (Ethernet) • no. of MAC addresses, VLANs, broadcast domains (ARP), STP convergence, performance of MAC and CSMA/CD under high load, QoS etc.. • Creation of hierarchical networks • Long distance optical systems • Scaleability issues (IP) • routing tables/IP-address aggregation, rearrangement of fixed IP-addresses, QoS • Other technologies are currently used…

  9. Introduction to WANs TCP, UDP IP MPLS ATM 802.3 Ethernet: MAC, LLC SDH, PDH, DXC 1/0 radio links, satellite, fiber, copper, WLAN …. 10/100/1000 BASET, TX, SX, LX, FX…

  10. Typical WAN Technologies

  11. WAN Technologies • WAN capacity levels: • 0: 64 kbit/s • 1: 2 Mbit/s (PDH) • 2: 8 Mbit/s (PDH) • 3: 34 Mbit/s/ 45Mbit/s (PDH) • 4: 140/155 Mbit/s (PDH/SDH STM-1, SONET OC-3) • 5: 622 Mbit/s (SDH STM-4, SONET OC-12) • 6: 2,5 Gbit/s (SDH STM-16, SONET OC-48) • …….

  12. WAN Technologies • DXC 1/0 • Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) • Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH, SONET) • ATM, Frame Relay • PSTN, ISDN • Radio Links • Satellite • + • IP • Ethernet • …..

  13. WAN Technologies • Why not only concentrate on IP/ethernet networks? • Scaleability issues • SDH, PDH … are essential parts of all incumbent operators WAN networks including many new service providers • 2M and STM-N is widely used as leased lines including ATM/IP/DSL backbone networks

  14. SDH Protocol

  15. SDH Protocol - Multiplexing • Multiplexing PDH signals • Plesiochronous multiplexing using bit stuffing • Multiplexing SDH signals • Synchronous Multiplexing using Pointer Processing

  16. SDH på 5 min SDH ramme, hastigheder og funktionalitet Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

  17. SDH Protocol - Multiplexing • Multiplexing PDH signals • Plesiochronous multiplexing using bit stuffing • Multiplexing SDH signals • Synchronous Multiplexing using Pointer Processing

  18. SDH ProtocolAU-4 PointerAdjustment

  19. SDH Protocol - Multiplexing • Multiplexing PDH signals • Plesiochronous multiplexing using bit stuffing • Multiplexing SDH signals • Synchronous Multiplexing using Pointer Processing • Multiplexing Structure • Adaptation of PDH and other signals

  20. SDH protocol - Multiplexing Structure

  21. x 1 x 1 STM-256 AUG-256 AU-4-256c VC-4-256c C-4-256c x 4 x 1 x 1 STM-64 AUG-64 AU-4-64c VC-4-64c C-4-64c x 4 x 1 x 1 STM-16 AUG-16 AU-4-16c VC-4-16c C-4-16c x 4 x 1 x 1 STM-4 AUG-4 AU-4-4c VC-4-4c C-4-4c x 4 x 1 x 1 STM-1 AUG-1 AU-4 VC-4 C-4 x 1 x 3 TUG-3 TU-3 VC-3 x 3 x 1 x 7 C-3 STM-0 AU-3 VC-3 x 7 x 1 TUG-2 TU-2 VC-2 C-2 pointer processing x 3 multiplexing TU-12 VC-12 C-12 x4 aligning TU-11 VC-11 C-11 mapping SDH mapping scheme Contiguous Concatenation More Multiplexing Initial mapping 24

  22. SDH Equipment

  23. SDH på 5 min SDH Equipment ADM 4/1 Aggregate Aggr. Interfaces: STM-1/4/(16) Trib. interfaces: 2M, 34M, 45M, 140M, STM-1/(4) Tributary Interfaces: 2M, 34M, 45M, 140M, STM-1, (STM-4/16) XC matrix scaleable up to 32/128/256 STM-1 equivalent, non-blocking DXC 4/1 ADM 4/4 Aggregate Aggr. Interfaces: STM-4/16/64 Trib. interfaces: STM-1/4/16 No access to lower order signals Tributary REG Regenerator function

  24. ADM 4/1 STM-4 example

  25. ADM 4/4STM-64 example

  26. SDH Networks

  27. SDH NetworksHierarchical example

  28. Network Structures - Pros and Cons

  29. SDH Networks - example , Routing in a hierarchical Network

  30. SDH netstruktur SDH Networks add on

  31. International Network structure

  32. SDH networks - fiber infrastructure

  33. SDH networks- WDM

  34. SDH networks- STM-64

  35. SDH networks- STM-16

  36. SDH networks - VC-4

  37. SDH netstruktur SDH Network node example

  38. SDH networkOptical cards and application codes • STM16: • S16.1 (short haul, 1300 nm, 10 km) • L16.1 (long haul, 1300 nm, 20 km) • L16.2 (long haul, 1550 nm, 80 km) • V16.2 (very long haul, 1550 nm, 120 km) • U16.2 (ultra long haul, 1550 nm, 160 km) • L16.2 colered interface til WDM rel 1.0 • L16.2 colered interface til WDM rel. 3.0

  39. Standards ITU-T • Concatenation, Protocols etc. • Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) • Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) • Equipment • Equipment • Equipment Management Function G.707 (10/2000)corr 1, corr 2*, add 1* G.7042/Y.1305 (11/2001)* G.7041/Y.1303 (11/2001)* G.783 (02/2001)* G.709 (02/2001) G.798 (11/2001) 42

  40. SDH Network Management

  41. SDH Network ManagementNetwork & Service Management View Bussines Level Management Customer acces/ applikationer Costumer administrative systems Service Level Management • Funktions: • Provisionering • Performance • Assurance • Alarmmanager SM funktion #1 SM funktion #2 Network Level Management • Technical • administrative • systems (inventory) • planning • modelling • registration Network Manager Network Manager Subnetwork Manager Subnetwork Manager Element Level Management Element Manager Element Manager Network Elements Network Elements En netteknologi f.eks. SDH

  42. SDH Network ManagementElement Manager • Matrix: 48 ports 4/4 non-blocking, dubleret

  43. SDH Network Management DCN, Data Communications Network is needed

  44. 6 levels subnetwork nesting Double click NE GUI SDH Network ManagementNetwork ManagerPoint and click management Sub-Network Level: NEs Level:

  45. Fault Management /Service ManagementFilter via tree view

  46. SDH Services

  47. SDH Services • Leased line Services (fixed dedicated bandwidth): • 2 Mbit/s, n x 2 Mbit/s • VC-12, n x VC-12 • 34 Mbit/s, 45 M Mbit/s • VC-3, n x VC-3 • 140 Mbit/s • VC-4 • VC-4-4c, VC-4-16c • Grey fibres / WDM channels • add-on services • Alternative routing, Specific routing, automatic protection, various Service Level Agreements (SLAs)

More Related