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Linux 國際認證介紹

Linux 國際認證介紹. 蔡志展 < chihchun@kalug.linux.org.tw>. Agenda. 目的 – 用途 適合的職業 考試種類 LPIC-1 from Linux Professional Institute (LPI) RedHat RHCE Turbolinux Certified Engineer CompTIA 的 Linux+ 認證 Sair Linux and GNU. 用途. 就業 升學與出國的工具 品牌形象 產品行銷 系統整合. 適合的職業. · 基礎技能的客服人員

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Linux 國際認證介紹

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  1. Linux 國際認證介紹 蔡志展 <chihchun@kalug.linux.org.tw>

  2. Agenda • 目的 – • 用途 • 適合的職業 • 考試種類 • LPIC-1 from Linux Professional Institute (LPI) • RedHat RHCE • Turbolinux Certified Engineer • CompTIA 的Linux+ 認證 • Sair Linux and GNU

  3. 用途 • 就業 • 升學與出國的工具 • 品牌形象 • 產品行銷 • 系統整合

  4. 適合的職業 • ·基礎技能的客服人員 • Entry Level Helpdesk • ·技術業務/市場人員 • Technical Sales / Marketing • ·基礎技術技師 • Entry Level Service Technician • ·技術文件編輯寫作人員 • Technical Writers • ·銷售員 • Resellers • ·軟體開發者 • Application Developers • ·客戶應用服務/系統整合 • Application Customer Service Reps

  5. LPI – Linux Professional Institute • Linux 電腦專家協會 – http://www.lpi.org 是非營利性質中立組織,支持的公司有 Caldera、IBM、LinuXCare、Sgi、SuSE、MaxSpeed、TurboLinux 等。 • Linux 專家機構相信有必要制定一個標准的、多國的、有權威的計劃來確定Linux 中的個人技能水準。這個計劃必須滿足 Linux 專家的要求,同時也要滿足那些將雇用及與他們訂約的組織的要求。

  6. LPIC – Linux Professional Institute Certification • LPI認證考試分三個階級(LPIC),應試者必須循一的考試,目前可以正式報名考 試的只有第一級。而在九月底時,第二級則開放 Beta 考試,相信很快的就可以正式開放應考。 • 所有現在 LPI 考試使用電腦管理考試,經由VUE。 每一項考試美金$100,每一級的考試都要通過兩個考試科目。

  7. LPIC 第1級檢定目標 • 可以熟悉使用 GNU 與 Unix 指令 • 執行簡易的維護工作: 幫助使用者,增加系統使用者,備份 & 恢復,關機 & 重新啟動。 • 能安裝和架構一個工作平台和連接LAN區域網路, 或將獨立的一台電腦經由數據機連上網際網路。 備註: 完成第1級考試, 參加者必須通過兩個考試 這項考試比USENIX 協會的 SAGE 的新手(Novice)階級要高。

  8. LPIC 第2級檢定目標 • 管理一個由小到中級的平台 • 能計劃,工具,保持,維持一致,安全,和解決一個小型復合(MS, Linux) 網路工作 • LAN 伺服器 (samba) • 網際網路閘道 (防火牆, 快取伺服器, 郵件, 新聞) • 網際網路伺服器 (網路伺服器, 簡單的 CGI) • 監督一些輔助程式全自動管理和購買

  9. LPIC 第3級檢定目標 • 設計和工具解答關於複雜的自動化問題,像多元化企業,多功能網際網路平台,一般問題的解決方法。開始計劃和一個執行的計劃。 • 監督一些助理。 • 高階管理者。

  10. LPIC 考試科目 • 目前Linux 測試只有Level 1,需通過的科目有二科,分別如下 • 101:General Linux I,約52題。 • 102:General Linux I,約62題。 • 題目類型:分單選、複選、填充三種。

  11. 101: General Linux I 準備方向 • GNU & Unix 指令裝置, Linux 檔案系統, 檔案系統層次標準。開機,最初設定,關機,執行。 • 文件與管理工作 字串(Text Streams)編輯包含必須熟悉cut, expand, fmt, head, join, nl, od, paste, pr, sed, sort, split, tac, tail, tr,與 wc 等指令。像是處理程序(Process)等,則必須至少熟悉前景與背景的程序處理指令,bg, fg, jobs, kill, ps, 與 top 是不可缺少的。檔案系統的維護則至少必須了解df, du, fsck 等。要能有查看硬碟容量與處理基本檔案系統問題的能力。使用並了解系統上的文件系統,像是線上手冊(man page)與基本的軟體說明文件(/usr/doc),管理工作則必需維護與管理使用者帳號,gpasswd, group, groupadd, gshadow, passwd, shadow, useradd, 與 userdel 等系統指令必須熟捻。以及 "/etc" 下的系統設定檔更是不可缺少的一部分。

  12. 102: General Linux II 準備方系 • 硬體 & 架構 • Linux 安裝和套件管理核心 • 文字編輯,處理,列印。 • 指令解譯,Scripting,程式,編輯。 • X Windows網路基本概念網路服務安全性

  13. LPIC 教育訓練單位 • 翔威國際 (Caldera Open Learning ) • 聯成電腦(Caldera Open Learning ) • 巨匠電腦 • 資策會 (Caldera Open Learning ) • 育碁數位科技股份有限公司

  14. Red Hat Certified Engineer • 所有的題目都是針對 Red Hat 所銷售之套件為基礎考試也針對不同版本的套件有所不同。 • 強調受測考生於受測時實際動手的Performance-base 測驗方式。根據Red Hat Linux平台上真正必要的各種網路服務進行安裝、組態、除錯、以及設定各種網路環境,實務操作能力測驗。 • 其他的 Linux 認證考試可以在全球2800個 VUE 考試中心裏完成,而 RHCE 卻得安排時間在全球約20個的特定教育中心裡考試。 • 考試內容三個單元的平均成績不得低於80分,任一科成績亦不得低於50分。通過考試後將由美國Red Hat公司發給認證。 • 恆逸資訊教育中心提供課程及考試認證。

  15. RHCE 檢定目標 o 硬體與安裝過程 o 系統設定與管理 o 熟悉不同的安裝方式 o 核心服務與設定(Kernel Services and Configuration ) o 標準的網路服務 o X 視窗系統 o 使用者與主機系統安全 o 路由器,防火牆,群體系統(Clusters)與障礙排除

  16. RHCE 考試科目 • RHCE考試由三個單元組成,分別為 1.Debug Exam: 4 challenges 時數:2.5小時   題數:4大題 2.Multiple Choice Exam: 40-50 technical questions; 1.0 hour, multi-choice answers 時數:1小時   題數:40-50題多重選擇題 3. Server Install and Network Services Setup Exam 時數:2.5小時   題數:25個要求

  17. RHCE 準備方向硬體與安裝過程方面 應試者應該要了解關於硬體相容性之問題、CPU 與 SMP 的支援、新硬體的偵測、隨插即用(Plug and Play)序列埠與平行埠、區塊裝置(Block device)與其他硬體裝置、硬碟的切割、週邊硬體與設定、開機過程、了解 Red Hat 安裝程式、並可正確的執行安裝 Red Hat 系統。

  18. RHCE 準備方向系統設定與管理 至於系統設定與管理,你應該要能夠重新設定安裝過程中的設定值,網路系統、音效卡、與使用者認證管理。並了解檔案系統與 /etc/fstab 的意義。RPM 軟體套件管理程式。列印,虛擬終端機(Virtual Consoles),管理並維護使用者帳號與群組。了解如何設定 cron job。知道 locate 與 temwatch 的使用方法。系統紀錄檔,圖形化使用者介面,升級代理人(The Update Agent),文件協助等相關資訊與位置。

  19. RHCE 準備方向系統安裝過程 必須注意的課題則包含了筆記型電腦的安裝,與多重開機模式,Serial Console Installation、Linux Loader (LILO)、設定 Red Hat 網路安裝伺服器。使用 kickstart 技巧自動安裝系統。

  20. RHCE 準備方向核心服務與設定 必須明瞭 /proc 下的檔案系統格式,/proc/sys 的設定與 sysctl 的關聯,Linux 的硬碟配額(quota)系統,並了解/etc/inittab 的意義。管理 System V 的起始腳本。Software RAID 的設定方式。設定,編譯與安裝 Linux 核心以及 LILO Map Installer。

  21. RHCE 準備方向標準網路服務 • TCP/IP 協定基礎 • Bind • Email 的傳送與協定 • FTP • HTTP/Apache • NFS Server • Samba • DHCP • Squid Proxy Server

  22. RHCE 準備方向X Server • X Client/視窗管理 • 字型伺服器(Font Server)、 • Display Managers • XFree86 Startup • The Gnome and KDE Environments • Remote Display of X Applications • X Security

  23. RHCE 準備方向使用者與主機系統安全 • Security Concepts • Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) • Network Information Service • Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) • The xinetd Super-Server and tcp_wrappers • ssh: secure shell, telnet and remote copy

  24. RHCE 準備方向 - 路由, 防火牆, Cluster與障礙排除 • Static and Dynamic Routes • Linux as a Router and Firewall • ipchains and Firewall Rules • IP Masquerading • Troubleshooting • Rescue Environment Utilities

  25. 研讀重點 • 了解磁碟分割區,並知道如何使用 Red Hat 的安裝過程中的工具切割硬碟。 • 必須徹底的熟悉並有能力完成 Red Hat 的安裝程式,特別是經由網路安裝。 • 了解安裝過程中,幾個關鍵的設定(LILO, authentication, networking, system initialization, packages, etc.) • Understand and be able to implement post-installation configuration of install-time options • Be familiar with Red Hat Linux filesystem layout. • Understand the role of the scripts and configuration files • Understand different approaches to multiple-boot installations and be familiar with installation-related tools (rawrite, fips) sometimes used during multiple-boot installations • Understand kickstart installation basics (kickstart file, floppy- vs. network-based, installation media, boot disk preparation, etc.)

  26. 研讀重點 (cont'd) • Possess a thorough knowledge of the rpm command and its switches, particularly those related to the installation and querying of packages • Be familiar with the basic elements of source (*.src.rpm) rpm packages • Know how to boot into and use the rescue environment for system recovery • Know how to create different kinds of user accounts • Know how to configure the user environment • Understand quotas, quota concepts, and be able to implement user and group quotas • Understand the cron system and be capable of setting up the scheduled jobs using cron • Understand essential kernel concepts, such as monolithic vs. modular kernels, initial ramdisks, etc. • Be able to install kernel sources and development tools needed in order to rebuild the Linux kernel

  27. 研讀重點 (cont'd) • Be able to configure, build, and install the Linux kernel and modules from source and understand LILO configuration and the elements -- first stage, second stage, and installer -- that make up LILO • Understand. and be capable of. implementing the following network services: Apache, Samba, NFS, basic sendmail, POP3/IMAP4 email, DNS, and ftp • Be sufficiently familiar with the function, configuration, and logging of those services as to be capable of basic troubleshooting • Be familiar with, and capable of, implementing access restrictions for the above services • Be familiar with other network services supported under Red Hat Linux: squid, innd NNTP server, xntpd, etc.

  28. 研讀重點 (cont'd) • Understand X in general and the XFree86 X server in particular, including its configuration file and the primary tools used for editing that file • Be familiar with the window manager and desktop environment choices available under Red Hat Linux, and know how to select these choices • Understand and be capable of implementing and using the remote capabilities of X, including remote logins and remote clients. • Understand the role of xinetd and be capable of implementing tcp_wrappers security measures • Understand basic NIS concepts and the components associated with NIS

  29. 研讀重點 (cont'd) • Understand the purpose of the PAM subsystem, and be capable of implementing basic PAM configuration changes • Possess basic familiarity with configuration issues -- routing options, IP forwarding, kernel configuration -- associated with using Red Hat Linux as a router • Be capable of using ipchains to implement basic firewalling policies and be familiar with the User Private Group scheme in Red Hat Linuxa

  30. Red Hat 教育訓練課程 "Rapid Track course" • 時間約為五天,但是不是任何人都可以參加這個教育訓練課程的。再加入這整套的教育課程之前,你必須要有基本的機能;像是 • Administer the Linux printing subsystem • Automate tasks with at, cron, and anacron • Back up filesystems to tape and tar archive • Communicate and transfer files securely • Configure a workstation as a client to NIS, DNS, and DHCP services • Configure an NFS client and autofs • Configure basic host security … 備註:當然如果你沒有這些基本的技能, Red Hat 也提供了三個培訓的課程 (RH033, RH133, and RH253) 可以協助你加快學習的腳步。

  31. Red Hat 教育訓練單位 • 恆逸資訊教育中心 http://edu.uuu.com.tw/

  32. TurboLinux 考試類別 • 考試分類 • LPI • Turbolinux Certified Engineer • TLCS • 教育訓練課目 • Turbolinux 用戶基礎 Fundamentals • Turbolinux系統管理 System Administration • Turbolinux網絡管理 Network Administration

  33. TurboLinux 教育訓練中心 • 育碁數位科技股份有限公司 (宏碁關係企業) http://www.aceret.com.tw/

  34. CompTIA Linux+ • Linux+ 這個認證是由電腦技術工業協會(CompTIA)所提供的一個中立性國際認證考試,具有十幾年歷史的電腦技術工業協會,全名為 Computing Technology Industry Association,是一個代表逾7,500 個資訊科技界專業人士及機構的國際組織。當中包括電腦軟硬件製造公司、經銷商、零售商、系統整合、培訓、服務、電訊及網路公司。同時也開辦了數種與專業 IT 人員相關的認證。像是 A+ 考基本的個人電腦操作能力,i-Net+ 基本的網際網路技術等。 • 這個考試將在二千零一年的九月二十一日正式開始受理考試報名。可以透過 VUE 來報名。 • 這個考試的對象是已經具有六個月以上經驗的,而且可以進行基本的系統安裝、管理與除錯。 • Bradford Learning, Caldera, Compaq, Course Technology, ElementK, Guru LabsHewlett-Packard ,IBM ,Intel ,Linuxcare ,LPI (Linux Professional Institute),prosofttraining.com , Sair Linux and GNU , SuSE 等等。

  35. Linux+ 鑑定目標 • 使用者管理 • 網路服務與設定(Connecting to the network ) • 軟體套件管理 • 系統安全概念 • 腳本程式(Shell Scripting ) • Networking • Apache 網站伺服器軟體 • 驅動程式安裝升級與移除 • 核心,核心的用處與如何重新建立 • 基本的列印 • 基本的除錯能力

  36. Linux+ 準備方向

  37. Linux+ 考試方式 • VUE 考試中心考試 • 報名費 $200 • 多重選擇,多重填充題 • 共計 120 題 兩小時 • 100-900 分內要拿 655 分。

  38. Sair Linux and GNU • Sair 則是由Wave Technologies 所擁有。 • http://www.linuxcertification.com • 考試分為三個等級 • Sair Linux and GNU Certified Administrato (LCA)--is available. • Sair Linux and GNU Certified Engineer (LCE) • Master Sair Linux and GNU Certified Engineer (Master LCE) • 考試報名費是 US $99。

  39. Sair Linux and GNU 考試科目 • Installation & Configuration 101 (Prometric number 3X0-101) • System Administration 102 (Prometric number 3X0-102) • Networking 103 (Prometric number 3X0-103) • Security, Ethics, and Privacy 104 (Prometric number 3X0-104) • Core Concepts and Practices 201(Prometric number 3X0-201) • Apache 202 (Prometric number 3X0-202) • Samba 203 (Prometric number 3X0-203)

  40. Sair Linux and GNU 準備方向 Installation & Configuration • Understand the concepts behind free software, run levels, daemons, the kernel, basic networking and devices • Know how to install the operating system and configure aspects of it (hard drive, X Window, etc.). Know how startup and shutdown works, as well as the basics of disk layout, user accounts, and common processes • You must know the basic Unix/Linux commands as well as the purpose and use of the shell, path, variables, AND the vi editor • Know how to print, work with drives, filters, and Windows of all sorts • You must know of the various aspects of finding answers (man, help, etc.). You also need to know about client services, search engines, and common applications • The only two categories covered are how-to-troubleshoot install and file errors

  41. Sair Linux and GNU 準備方向 System Administration • Know the file system structure and nature of inodes. Know how to create a rescue floppy, monitor resources, and apply patches • Adding and removing users, groups, and working with the files associated with them are tested. You also need to know how to work with the kernel, implement different runlevels, and manage the hard disk. • Adding and removing users, groups, and working with the files associated with them are tested. You also need to know how to work with the kernel, implement different runlevels, and manage the hard disk. • For this section you must know how to perform backups, kill processes, work with package managers, and verify volume integrity. • Mail is tested upon, as is Apache, News, and common services and their configuration files. You must also know how to configure the X Window system. • For this objective, the topics cover the gamut from daemons and file systems to hardware. The majority of the emphasis is on logs, dumps, and restricting users.

  42. Sair Linux and GNU 準備方向 Networking • You must know what a LAN is (as opposed to a WAN) and how to configure it with TCP/IP. All aspects of the protocol are tested upon, including configuration of a host, layers, and adapters. • Know the basics of WAN technologies, and the ifconfig and route utilities. Know, as well, how to configure private networks, proxies, firewalls, and similar technologies • The services and daemons are tested upon, with a big emphasis on the configuration of connections and routes. • Resource Record knowledge is tested, as well as FTP, NFS, Samba, and other services touched upon in other sections. • Mail and browsers are the topic areas. • You must know the basic utilities: ping, netstat, traceroute, nslookup.

  43. Sair Linux and GNU 準備方向 Security, Ethics, and Privacy • What security is and why it is needed is tested upon, as well as physical security versus software. • How to implement shadow passwords, log events, use umask, and look for commonly known problem spots are tested upon. • For this objective, you must know about root access, limitations (and their implementation) on user accounts, how finger works, and SUID/SGID permissions. • Firewalls are once again tested upon, as well as TCP Wrappers, UUCP, and each of the most common services. • For this category, one must know about the differences between viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. You must also know about weaknesses with Samba, Apache, and how security tools can be misused if in the wrong hands. • Common sense is the rule of thumb here: follow a set of procedures to identify and isolate the problem and document everything (and contact CERN).

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