1 / 16

2/6: CPUs & Memory

2/6: CPUs & Memory. CPUs Parts of a sample CPU Types of CPUs available ROM RAM different kinds & uses inc. VRAM, SRAM. image courtesy of How Computers Work CD. The CPU. CPU terms capacity, -bit clock speed, MHz CISC, RISC CPU brands & models. image courtesy of AMD.com.

ronni
Download Presentation

2/6: CPUs & Memory

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. 2/6: CPUs & Memory • CPUs • Parts of a sample CPU • Types of CPUs available • ROM • RAM • different kinds & uses inc. VRAM, SRAM image courtesy of How Computers Work CD

  2. The CPU • CPU terms • capacity, -bit • clock speed, MHz • CISC, RISC • CPU brands & models image courtesy of AMD.com

  3. CPU: Central Processing Unit • The Microprocessor or CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the “brains” of the computer. • All other components (RAM, monitor, disk drive) act like bridges to link you & the processor. image courtesy of AMD.com

  4. Coprocessors • Coprocessors are also in PC’s. • They handle functions like graphics, 3-D acceleration, and sound cards. • Help reduce the load on the main processor. image courtesy of How Computers Work

  5. Data Capacity • refers to the amount of data that the processor can process at one time. If a number is bigger than what the processor can handle, it breaks it down into manageable parts, processes it, and puts it back together. • 8 bit processor: handles numbers up to 8 bits long (2 to the 8th power: 256) • 16 bit processors handle numbers up to 2 to the 16th power or 65,536) • 32, 64 bit processing (etc.)

  6. Clock Speed • Timer that everything in the processor uses as a pacesetter. • Measured in MegaHertz (millions of cycles per second) • Same model of processors can have their clock speeds compared. • Different models of processors cannot be compared so easily. image from http://web.scps.k12.fl.us/site/agenda/default.htm

  7. Instruction Sets ! • A chip’s vocabulary. • Types of instructions that a chip can perform. • Bigger does not necessarily equal better in instruction sets. • CISC: Complex instruction set chips • use complex instructions to process instructions. • RISC: Reduced instruction set chips • break down instructions before processing with a simpler instruction set.

  8. Types of chips: Intel • Intel Pentium 4 – specs • Up to 2.20 GHz • Rapid execution engine • Intel Pentium III - specs • up to 1.33 GHz • 70 new instructions for 3D, voice recognition, etc. • integrated 256 KB L2 cache • Intel Celeron - specs • economy chip • up to 1.30 MHz • integrated 128 KB L2 cache images courtesy of TigerDirect.com, Intel

  9. Types of chips: AMD • AMD Athlon XP - specs • Designed for Windows XP, (works w/ other OS’s) • Up to 1.67 GHz (but runs faster than Pentium 4 2.0 GHz) • integrated 256 KB L2 cache • 266 MHz system bus • AMD Athlon - specs • up to 1.4 GHz • integrated 256 KB L2 cache • 266 MHz system bus • AMD Duron – specs • economical • up to 1.3 GHz • 128 KB L1 cache, 64 KB L2 cache images courtesy of AMD

  10. Types of Chips: Other Brands • Cyrix MII • Motorola PowerPC • Apple • Sun • Digital • others available images courtesy of Sun

  11. ROM? RAM? • Both refer to chip-based memory hardware • (not hard drives, CD-ROMs, etc.) • ROM: Read-Only Memory • doesn’t change (much if at all) • BIOS stored here. • RAM: Random Access Memory • changes frequently • short-term memory

  12. ROM: Read-Only Memory • Chips hardwired with start-up instructions • Non-volatile • not dependent on electrical power to store information • Necessary to start up the operating system (OS) • Has a few options: disk drive boot order, etc.

  13. RAM: Random Access Memory • Synonyms: “main memory”, “primary memory”, “user memory” • Dynamic memory • contents can be changed • Why “random access”? • sequential access vs. random access • analogy: cassette vs. CD • Programs, files stored here while in use. image courtesy of How Computers Work CD

  14. How much RAM do you need? • Current recommendation: 192 MB total RAM for a new computer • Windows 98 uses ~ 20 MB of RAM • Windows 2000 Pro uses ~ 95 MB of RAM • McAfee Virus Scan & Task Manager ~ 7 MB • MS Word uses ~ 7 MB • MS Internet Explorer uses ~ 7 MB • Each file you open is held in RAM, even after you close it

  15. Varieties of RAM: DRAM • DRAM: Dynamic RAM • volatile: needs electricity to hold data. Must be continually replenished with electricity. • SDRAM: Synchronous DRAM • runs at the CPU clock speed (faster than prev. types) • today’s main DRAM.

  16. Variety of RAM: SRAM • SRAM: Static RAM • static: does not need to be continually refreshed. • more expensive, bigger, and faster than DRAM. • used in CPU chips (caches) • used in “flash memory” image courtesy of Sonystyle.com

More Related