1 / 124

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata:

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column - trends: - increased locomotion - increased cephalization - adaptations to land.

ronniel
Download Presentation

II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata:

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column - trends: - increased locomotion - increased cephalization - adaptations to land

  2. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata a. Origin of Vertebrates

  3. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata b. Jawless Fishes – (Class: Agnatha) - Early: Ostracoderms – filter feeding

  4. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata b. Jawless Fishes – (Class: Agnatha) - Current: lampreys, hagfishes: parasitic

  5. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes

  6. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches

  7. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws

  8. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws - increase feeding

  9. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws - increase feeding - priority on locomotion

  10. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws - increase feeding - priority on locomotion - Cephalization

  11. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian) dominant predators paired appendages for swimming

  12. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) also efficient paired fins - sharks - skates, rays - ratfish

  13. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)

  14. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)

  15. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton

  16. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration

  17. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration - in Ray-finned: swim bladder (light, buoyant, fast) save energy by floating

  18. - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration - in Ray-finned: swim bladder (light, buoyant, fast) - in Lobe-finned and lungfish: evolved jointed fins… could support weight on land, and breath with air sac. (Devonian – 400my)

  19. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians

  20. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Evolved in Devonian (375 mya) - Lungfish - fed on abundant terrestrial Arthropods

  21. An extraordinary sequence of intermediates documenting the colonization of land. The "red gap" was filled in 2006. 365 mya 385 mya

  22. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders

  23. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders - small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist

  24. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders - small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist - eggs must stay moist

  25. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles – evolved in Carboniferous (325 mya)

  26. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell; protects embryo from desiccation (like a seed...) embryo

  27. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell - kidney to produce concentrated urine ...(reduces water loss. reptiles and birds excrete their nitrogenous waste as a paste (the white stuff in a bird's droppings) that requires little water.)

  28. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell - kidney to produce concentrated urine - scales to reduce water loss from skin (correlating with a larger lung compared to amphibians)

  29. From 250 to 200 mya, the formation of the supercontinent of Pangaea created warm dry climates that gave ‘reptiles’ the edge. Remember? This gave gymnosperms the edge, too...

  30. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Mammals: ‘Reptile to Mammal’ transitions - deep history: Pelycosaurs

  31. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Mammals: ‘Reptile to Mammal’ transitions - deep history: Pelycosaurs Therapsids

  32. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Mammals: - traits: - hair (endothermy)

  33. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Mammals: - traits: - hair (endothermy) - nurse young

  34. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - Development: - Lay eggs (Monotremes)

  35. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - Development: - Lay eggs (Monotremes) - birth (Marsupials)

  36. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - Development: - Lay eggs (Monotremes) - birth (Marsupials) - birth of independent offspring (Placentals)

  37. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - Radiation:

  38. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Birds: - Reptilian Roots feathered dinosaurs and endothermy

  39. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Birds: - Reptilian Roots feathered dinosaurs and endothermy - flight

  40. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Birds: • - one way lung

  41. even on an exhalation, new air is pulled through the lungs... so birds even absorb oxygen on an exhalation. One way transport is more efficient (like a gut)...

  42. Summary - Patterns in Vertebrate Diversity I. Innovation and Radiation A. Patterns:

  43. Summary - Patterns in Vertebrate Diversity I. Innovation and Radiation A. Patterns: 1. Fish

  44. A. Patterns: 2. Tetrapods

  45. A. Patterns: 3. Summary - innovation: new “adaptive zone” colonized (a new place, like an island, or a new habitat (like land or the air).

  46. A. Patterns: 3. Summary - innovation: new “adaptive zone” colonized - radiation – explosion of species colonizing new areas and exploiting new environments in this new way

  47. A. Patterns: 3. Summary - innovation: new “adaptive zone” colonized - radiation – explosion of species colonizing new areas and exploiting new environments in this new way - competitive contraction? – winners exclude others…

More Related