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BIO 110, Life Science

BIO 110, Life Science. Summer 2012. Age structure: Mexico. Population momentum. Age structure: United States. Baby Boom. Watching the population pyramid grow. World population http ://www.americanscientist.org/sp/pyramid /. Ecological footprint. Size proportional to resources consumed.

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BIO 110, Life Science

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  1. BIO 110, Life Science Summer 2012

  2. Age structure: Mexico • Population momentum

  3. Age structure: United States • Baby Boom

  4. Watching the population pyramid grow • World population • http://www.americanscientist.org/sp/pyramid/

  5. Ecological footprint Size proportional to resources consumed

  6. Humans as an invasive species • Life history strategy • Environmental adaptability • Response to, and creation of, disturbance • Are humans weeds?

  7. Biodiversity • Species diversity • Community resilience • Genetic diversity within species • Adaptability • Genetic bottlenecks • Ecosystem diversity and ecosystem services • $33 trillion (estimate) vs. $18 trillion global gross product

  8. Threats to biodiversity • Habitat destruction • Voorhisexamples • Invasive species • Voorhis examples • Over-exploitation • Overgrazing • Pollution

  9. Community and ecosystem • Community • All the organisms inhabiting and potentially interacting in a particular area • An assemblage of populations of different species • Ecosystem—a biological community and its physical environment

  10. Interspecific interactions Commensalism (0/0, +/0)

  11. Trophic structure • Food chains and webs • Decomposers

  12. Species diversity • Species richness: how many species • Relative abundance: how common are they • Keystone species

  13. Disturbance • Reduces community stability • Often favors opportunistic species • Not always negative; depends on scope

  14. Ecological succession • Primary and secondary succession • Each stage creates conditions for the next • Opportunistic → equilibrial (in general) • Concept of “climax community” • Stopping it short

  15. Biodiversity hot spots • Endemic, endangered; other places also important

  16. Landscape ecology • Edge: “ecotone” • Importance of edges • Deer • Jungle • Humans are an ecotone species

  17. Fragmentation and biodiversity • Tropical forest • Chaparral & coastal sage scrub • Meso-predators

  18. Restoration • Bioremediation • Revegetation • Restoring rivers

  19. Sustainable development • Lessons from the Maya and Tongva

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