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1. Chapter 6 Source, Message and Channel Factors
2. Source Attributes andReceiver Processing Modes
3. Source Credibility The extend to which the source is seen as having:
Knowledge
Skill
Expertise
And the information is seen to be:
Trustworthy
Unbiased
Objective
4. Source Attractiveness Similarity
Resemblance between the source and recipient of the message
Familiarity
Knowledge of the source through repeated or prolonged exposure
Likability
Affection for the source resulting from physical appearance, behavior, or other personal traits
5. The Use of Celebrities Endorsements
The celebrity, whether an expert or not, merely agrees to the use of his or her name and image in the promotion for the product.
Testimonials
The celebrity, usually an expert with experience with the product, attests to its value and worth.
Placements
The brand is "placed" in a movie or TV show where it's seen by the audience and used or associated with the characters.
6. The Use of Celebrities Dramatizations
Celebrity actors or models portray the brand in use during dramatic enactments designed to show the goods.
Representatives
The celebrity agrees to become a spokesperson for the brand through multiple media over an extended time period.
Identification
The celebrity, usually in partnership with a producer, introduces his or her own brand using the celebrity name as the brand name.
7. Meaning Movement andthe Endorsement Process
8. Message Recall and Presentation Order
9. Drawing Message Conclusions
10. Message Attributes Sidedness
One-sided vs. Two-sided
Refutation
Special type of two-sided message
Present both sides, then refute the opposing view
Visual vs. Verbal Messages
Visual more important when verbal has low imagery value
Can use contradicting verbal & visual messages to increase recall and information processing
11. Message Appeals Refutational Appeal
Comparative Advertising
Useful for new brands or brands with small market share
Named Competition/Unnamed Competition/Self-Referent
Fear Appeals
Humor Appeals
Sex Appeals
Emotional Appeals
12. Fear Appeals and Message Acceptance
13. Use of Humor Aids attention and awareness
May harm recall and comprehension
May aid name and simple copy registration
May harm complex copy registration
May aid retention
Does not aid persuasion in general
May aid persuasion to switch brands
Creates positive mood, enhancing persuasion
Does not aid source credibility
Is not effective in bringing about action, sales
14. UNFAVORABLE TOWARD HUMOR
Research directors
Direct mail, newspapers
Corporate advertising
Industrial products
Goods or services of a sensitive nature
Audiences that are:
Older
Less educated
Down-scale
Female
Semi- or Unskilled FAVORABLE TOWARD HUMOR
Creative personnel
Radio and television
Consumer non-durables
Business services
Products related to the humorous ploy
Audiences that are:
Younger
Better educated
Up-scale
Male
Professional Use of Humor
15. Channel Factors Personal – generally more persuasive, flexible and personalized, thus more powerful
Nonpersonal – unfocused, non-flexible message, little customer contact
Clutter: time devoted to commercials, length of commercials