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Invasive or overlooked? A case study using two newly discovered fungi from Switzerland

This case study examines the invasion of two newly discovered fungi, Mycopappus and Seiferia, on plants in Switzerland. The study investigates their distribution, life cycle, and host specificity, highlighting the need for accurate taxonomic identification to properly assess the impact of invasive species.

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Invasive or overlooked? A case study using two newly discovered fungi from Switzerland

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  1. Invasive or overlooked? A case study using two newly discovered fungi from Switzerland Ludwig Beenken, Andrin Gross and Valentin Queloz COST, 9.-12.Okt. 2018 Waldschutz Schweiz (WSS) Swiss Forest Protection

  2. A new plant disease appears suddenly in an area

  3. A new plant disease appears suddenly in an area Invasion

  4. A new plant disease appears suddenly in an area Invasion Host jump

  5. A new plant disease appears suddenly in an area Invasion Host jump More frequent

  6. A new plant disease appears suddenly in an area Invasion Host jump More frequent Mutation

  7. A new leaf blotch disease on beech in Europe ? Mycopappus

  8. „Pseudodidymella fagi“appears in Europe in 2008 • 2008: first record in Switzerland. • 2011–2017: records from Switzerland, Germany, Austria, French and Slovakia Distribution of Fagus sylvatica Reports in Central Europe Maps from Wikimedia

  9. Life cycle of „Pseudodidymella fagi“ Asexual Mycopappus state on living leaves Spring Autumn Summer Spermatia Sexual state on fallen leaves

  10. Identification to Pseudodidymella fagi by DNA-Barcoding Petrakia irregularis on Acer pseudoplatanus Herpotrichia juniperi on Juniperus sp. Petrakia deviata on Acer spp. / Europe Pseudodidymella fagi on Fagus sylvatica / Europe Pseudodidymella fagi on Fagus crenata / Japan Pseudodidymella fagi on Fagus sylvatica / Europe ITS-region of n-rDNA Fig. from: Gross et al. (2017)

  11. Identification to Pseudodidymella fagi by DNA-Barcoding Pseudodidymella fagi on Fagus crenata / Japan Pseudodidymella minima on Fagus japonica / Japan ML-analysis of SSU, LSU, tef1 and rpb2. Fig. from: Hashimoto et al. (2017) Pseudodidymellaceae fam. nov.: phylogenetic affiliations of mycopappus-like genera in Dothideomycetes. Studies in Mycology, 87: 187-206

  12. Pseudodidymella spp. seem to be host specific Pseudodidymella minima on Fagus japonica Pseudodidymella fagi on Fagus crenata, F. sylvatica, F. orientalis Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogram from nuclear ITS and LFY-i2 sequences from representatives of all species of Fagus. Fig. from: Renner et al. Species relationships and divergence times in beeches: new insights from the inclusion of 53 young and old fossils in a birth–death clock mode Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2016 371 20150135; DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0135.

  13. Pseudodidymella fagi appears polyphyletic in the rpb2-analysis Pseudodidymella fagi on Fagus sylvatica / Europe Pseudodidymella fagi on Fagus crenata / Japan Pseudodidymella minima on Fagus japonica / Japan rpb2-phylogeny

  14. Pseudodidymella fagi on Fagus sylvatica / Europe Pseudodidymella fagi on Fagus crenata / Japan Pseudodidymella minima on Fagus japonica / Japan • The pathogen on Fagus sylvatica in Europe is a separate new species. ITS-LSU-rpb2-tef1-phylogeny

  15. Petrakia liobaeon Fagus sylvatica / Europe Petrakia fagi on Fagus crenata / Japan Petrakia minima on Fagus japonica / Japan Petrakia Petrakia echinata on Acer spp./ Eurasia Mycopappus anamorph Petrakia aceris on Acer macrophyllum / N. America Petrakia aesculi on Aesculus turbinata / Japan Petrakia deviata on Acer spp./ Eurasia • The genus Pseudodidymella is part of the genus Petrakia. • All Petrakia species are leave pathogens with mycopappus like anamorphs. • The pathogen on Fagus sylvatica in Europe is a distinct new species: Petrakia liobae specc. nov. • The origin of P. liobae remains enigmatic. ITS-LSU-rpb2-tef1-phylogeny

  16. A new pathogen on alpenrose in Switzerland?

  17. Seiferia azaleae on alpenrose in Switzerland? Host jump? Bud blight disease on cultivated Rhododendron caused by the introduced Seifertia azaleae (since 1982 in Switzerland) Seifertia species on old fruits of Rhododendron ferrugineum

  18. Petrakia liobae Petrakia fagi Petrakia minima Petrakia Petrakia echinata Petrakia aceris Petrakia aesculi Petrakia deviata Seifertiasp. Seifertia azaleae Seifertia shagriaensis Seifertia on Rhododendron Three species of Seifertia are distinguishable: • Seifertiasp.in Europe • Seifertia azaleae from North America • Seifertiashagriaensisin China ITS-LSU-rpb2-tef1-Baum

  19. Seifertia alpina = Antromycopsis alpina (v. Höhnel 1914) A rediscovery after 100 years: Höhnel F v. (1914) Fragmente zur Mykologie (XVI. Mitteilung, Nr. 813 bis 875). Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 123: 49–155 Records of Seifertia alpina Seifertia alpina is obviously saprotrophic on dry fruit capsules and pedicels of Rhododendronferrugineum L. of the previous year and native in the European Alps.

  20. Conclusions The correct taxonomic identification is the precondition for deciding whether a organism is alien or not. Problems: • Collection gaps in country of origin. • Changing nomenclature (old names in historical literature). • Data gaps in databanks (GenBank). • ITS barcoding sequences are often insufficient.

  21. Thanks ! WSL plant protection lab GDC ETH Zürich Felix Neff (Leica DVM6 Digital microscopy) Waldschutz Schweiz (WSS) Swiss Forest Protection

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