What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?

2. What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases? Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are spread from person to person through sexual contact. They are commonly called Sexually Transmitted Infections once a person contracts them

3. What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases? There are over 20 known STI’s Young people between the ages of 15-24 account for over 50% of all new infections each year Which also equates to approximately 1 in 4 (25% of high school) students will contract an STI at some point (some high school students are repeat patients)

4. What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases? Generally and simplistically speaking, there are 4 causes of STI’s Viruses Bacteria Parasites Fungus This Powerpoint will discuss the most common Sexually Transmitted Diseases that infect Young people

5. The Facts About STDs When you know the facts about STDs, you have the power to avoid them. Someone who has an STI may not have visible symptoms or may have symptoms that come and go. However, such a person may be contagious even when there are no symptoms. Even curable STI’s can make a person sterile or infertile A person who suspects that he or she is infected with an STD must see a doctor. Not all STIs are curable, and some are even fatal. STDs can be prevented by avoiding sexual activity and by not injecting drugs. Some STI’s can be spread via non sexual ways

6. Most Common Viral (caused by a virus) Sexually Transmitted Diseases HIV HPV Herpes Hepatitis B

7. HIV and AIDS HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causesAIDS. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is adeadly diseasethat interferes with body’s ability to fight infection. A person who is infected with HIV may not show any signs of illness for long time.

8. The Spread of HIV HIV is almost always spread in one of the following ways: • Sexual Activity with an infected person. • Sharing or using a contaminated needle. • Contact between infected Blood and your blood • From mother to child, before birth, during birth, or through breast feeding

9. HIV and AIDS (cont’d.) HIV and AIDS damage the body in the following way: • Even before the infected person starts showing signs of illness, the virus seriously damages the infected person’s immune system. • When the system’s defenses are critically weakened, the body becomes unable to fight off other infections and diseases, which eventually prove fatal.

10. How HIV Attacks the T-Lymphocyte White Blood Cells 1 Virus invades and destroys T cell. 2 Virus multiplies and destroys more T cells. 3 The immune system loses its ability to fight infection.

11. How HIV Is Not Spread Through the air Sharing utensils or dishes with an infected person Bites from insects Swimming Nonsexual contact Donating blood Using the same Items

12. Battling AIDS Scientists, health care professionals, educators, and many others have joined the fight against AIDS. Combinations of powerful drugs can dramatically reduce HIV levels in the blood and prolong the life expectancy of many HIV-infected people. They are however very expensive and have many possible side effects But….there is still NO CURE for HIV/AIDS.

13. Battling AIDS (cont’d.) Scientists are also working to develop an HIV vaccine. However, because the virus occurs in many forms, a vaccine that works against one form of HIV may not work against another. With neither a cure* for AIDS nor an effective HIV vaccine currently available, educating people about preventing the spread of HIV is crucial. *There has been some success on a VERY small scale in eradicating the disease via bone marrow transplant from a very specific Norwegian sub culture but it is a non functional cure…that is, not realistic to offer to all people and not able to be duplicated in a lab setting yet)

14. Human papilloma virus (HPV). Over 50 million cases report in America in 2014 Most prevalent Virus Caused STI (2nd most prevelant in overall STI in Philadelphia) There are over 170 strains of the HPV virus Approximately 40 of them cause Genital Warts Approximately 10 of them cause Cervical Cancer (Ernie Peacock, 11/2/2015m CDC consultante to SDoP)

15. Human papilloma virus (HPV). Genital wartsare growths or bumps in the genital area caused by certain types of the human papilloma virus (HPV). Many people will not develop genital warts until long after they have been exposed, so they may not know that they are passing the virus to others.

16. Pics of Genital Warts

17. Human papilloma virus (HPV).continued • There is currently a vaccine (most commonly called Gardisil) that protects against 2 strains of HPV that cause 75% of cervical cancer cases and 2 more types that cause 90% of genital Warts cases There are many possible side effects and controversy…do research before getting it See the HPV sites and videos on website for more information

18. On a side note: Blue Waffles • Blue Waffles is a MADE UP Internet Myth. It is NOT a real Sexually Transmitted Infection. • Most pictures of Blue Waffles are blue tinted or blue painted Genital Warts • It was created as a hoax to scare young people into using condoms

19. Herpes Simplex Virus SEVERAL STRANDS OF HSV including strands commonly associated with fever blisters Genital herpes is a viral STD that produces painful blisters in the genital area. The herpes virus may remain inactive in a person’s body, causing no symptoms. Some people, though, have periodic outbreaks of painful blisters or sores.

20. Genital herpes continued

21. Genital herpes continued

22. Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is a liver disease that can be transmitted through sexual contact. It is basically an inflammation of the liver and the liver is one of the Vital Organs needed for life. It is spread much the same way as HIV a vaccine is available. See CDC video concerning Hep B from website For more details

23. Most Common Bacterial (caused by Bacteria) Sexually Transmitted Diseases Chlamydia Syphilis Gonorrhea

25. STI’s in Philly In 2010, the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections found in High School age students at free clinics in Philadelphia, prompted the Philadelphia Department of Public Health to offer free STD testing for the two most prevalent Bacterial Infections.. BOTH of which can be easily cured via treatments from Anti-Biotics if caught early

26. The Two Most Prevelant are Chlamydiaand Gonnorhea Both can be ASSYMPOTMATIC (without symptoms) Both CAN be fought off (after a while) by a healthy person’s immune system but not always and it usually takes a while while infected, can be spread to others even without symptoms

27. The Two Most Prevelant are Chlamydiaand Gonnorhea Similar symptoms include genital discharge (Gonorrhea tends to be thicker) burning sensation during urination.

28. Chlamydia affects the reproductive organs, urethra, and anus. It is consistently the FASTEST spreading STD in Philadelphia. In some high schools, more than 50% of the school population have been infected according to Philadelphia Dept. of Public Health

30. Common STDs (cont’d.) Gonorrheais a bacterial STD that affects the mucous membranes of the body, particularly in the genital area. Syptoms can also include a scarry rash If left untreated, this infection can cause sterility in men and infertility in women along with other complications associated with area infected.

32. Syphilis is a bacterial STD that can affect many parts of the body. There are 4 stages of the disease Symptoms of syphilis vary as the disease progresses.

33. Syphilis Early symptoms may include only a painless sore at the site where the infection entered the body and swollen lymph glands in the genital area. It can be cured during the first 2 of 4 stages via antibiotics. In stage 3, it lies dormant for up to 7 years. In stage 4, organ failure and eventual death occur.

34. Stage 1 Chancer sores for Syphillis

35. Common Parasitic Sexually Transmitted Diseases (not as common in Philly outside of homeless population) Pubic Lice aka Crabs Scabies aka “the itch”

36. Common STDs (cont’d.) Pubic Lice, also known Crabsare little bugs (parasites) that infest hair of the genital area and feed on blood sucked through the soft tissue of the genital area Similar to bigger fleas/bed bugs They can be treated by medicated creams and ointments as well as shaving and washing

38. Common STDs (cont’d.) Scabiesalso known as “the itch”, can be spread by any contact, direct and in-direct. It is caused by little parasites that dig under the skin and bite to receive nourishment (just like small ticks). A generalized rash along with blisters are common signs among others. May harm immune system

40. To protect yourself from STD’s…. The only 100 percent effective method of protecting yourself from the harmful consequences of sexual activity is abstinence from sexual activity before marriage. In addition..if you are going to be sexually active You need to…….

41. …… • Monogamous long term relationship • Latex or Poly Condoms (male or female) during intercourse and condoms/dental dams during oral sex • Check ups every 6 months/year • Speak to your partners about past partners