1 / 69

Martha

Martha. Targeting adipose tissue with dietary oils - new findings on fatty acids and chronic dis ease. Dietary fats and chronic disease. Martha A Belury, Ph.D., R.D. Carol S. Kennedy Professor of Nutrition Belury.1@osu.edu. Obesity is a BIG issue. Decreases mobility & QOL Social stigma

ruana
Download Presentation

Martha

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Martha

  2. Targeting adipose tissue with dietary oils - new findings on fatty acids and chronic disease Dietary fats and chronic disease Martha A Belury, Ph.D., R.D. Carol S. Kennedy Professor of Nutrition Belury.1@osu.edu

  3. Obesity is a BIG issue Decreases mobility & QOL Social stigma Increases risk for metabolic, cardiovascular diseases & some cancers Increases inflammation

  4. Obesity is a condition where there is an excess of adipose tissue § • Storage of Oil droplets • Triglycerides • 3 fatty acids + glycerol • Energy • Insulation • Secretescytokines & adipokines • Interleukin 6 • Leptin& Adiponectin

  5. Inflammation & Chronic Disease Central Obesity Some Cancers MetS & T2 Diabetes Systemic Inflammation Alzheimers Heart Disease

  6. One third of adults havemetabolic syndrome Weight loss ATP III Criteria: Grundy et al., Circulation 25: 2735 (2005) 3 or more: Abdominal obesity Impaired fasting glucose Atherogenicdyslipidemia Elevated blood pressure

  7. Distribution of adipose is a key driver of the metabolic syndrome

  8. Outline • The “Skinny” on Fats • What’s in the news about fats? • How Do Fats Work? • What do we know?

  9. Saturated Fat H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C—C--C-OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 16:0 Palmitic Acid Shortening, saturated tropical “oils”

  10. Saturated Fat H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HO H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 18:0 Stearic acid Animal-derived saturated fats

  11. Monounsaturated Fat H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HO H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 18:1n9 Oleic acid Animal-derived unsaturated fats, ‘Mediterranean’ oil - Olives, avodacos, 11

  12. Polyunsaturated Fat H H H H H H H H H H H H HO H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 18:2n6 Linoleic acid (octadecadienoic acid)

  13. Linoleic acid (18:2n6) • Major PUFA in US diet • Functions • Phospholipids: growth of tissues • Barrier for epithelial tissues • Lipid metabolism • Arachidonic acid & Eicosanoids • Hepatic cholesterol metabolism

  14. Sources of linoleic acid

  15. Linoleic acid lowers cholesterol “With vegetable oils this decrease [of cholesterol] is thought to be largely due largely to a poly-unsaturated fatty acid known as linoleic acid.” Page et al., Circulation 15: 97 (1957)

  16. n3 polyunsaturated fats H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C—C--C-OH H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H a-Linolenic Acid • Neuronal development and conditions • Visual Health • Appetite • Inflammatory-related diseases

  17. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) Alpha-linolenic acid (A-LNA; 18:3n3) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n3)

  18. Long-Chain Omega Three Fatty Acids • EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) & DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) • May Protect Against Heart Disease, Certain Types of Cancers • Decrease inflammation

  19. Cold Water Fish • Fortified foods • Supplements

  20. What do you know? • Fatty acids are small molecules that are stored in __________ tissue. • Muscle • Liver • Heart • Adipose • All of the above

  21. What do you know? • Adipose tissue functions to: • Store energy • Insulate the body • Alter gene expression • Alter inflammation • All of the above

  22. Fatty Acids Can Turn on Gene Expression • Fatty Acidsbind to proteins • Transcription Factors • Turn onGene Expression • Responsive genes that regulate: • Fat metabolism • Energy metabolism PPAR Fatty Acid

  23. Fatty Acids May Alter Inflammation by: Changing adipose size Affecting prostaglandin levels Changing expression of genes that code for proteins that affect inflammation (IL-6, Adipokines, etc)

  24. II. What’s in the news about Fats?

  25. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) t10c12-CLA c9t11-CLA Linoleic acid (LA 18:2n6)

  26. Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) • Oil Fraction of Ruminant Products • Dietary supplements

  27. CLA Causes Weight Loss in Fat (ob/ob) Mice

  28. Very Low Dose* t10c12-CLA Shrinks Adipocytes § CON CLA *0.11wt% of diet, 17 days

  29. CLA Increases Basal Temperature (ob/ob mice)

  30. Does CLA Burn Fat* in Humans? * ‘Burn’ mean induce thermogenesis

  31. Ohio State University Women’s Diabetes Study

  32. Women’s Diabetes Study t10c12-CLA c9t11-CLA Linoleic acid (LA 18:2n6)

  33. Ohio State University Women’s Diabetes Study Medication Classes Sulfonylureas 13 Biguanides 13 Thiazolidinediones 5 Incretin Mimetic 1 0 a-Glucosid inhibitor 1 Combination Therapy 22 N=55 women Postmenopausal Age 58 + 7 BMI 36.8 + 6 Diabetes - 9.9 yrs

  34. CLA reduces body weight

  35. Does CLA Shrink Adipose? 1 lb. adipose = 3500 kcal

  36. 1. CLA lowers total adipose mass2. SAF lowers trunk adipose mass -3.7 lbs -3.1 lbs Norris et al., 2009

  37. SAF Oil increases HDL

  38. Cytokines *

  39. SAF oil improves glycemia

  40. So far…. In Postmenopausal women with T2 DM: • CLA • reduces BMI and adipose mass • no effect on markers of glycemia • SAF • reduces trunk adipose mass, HbA1C, glycemia • increases HDL and lean body mass

  41. Ohio State UniversityFish Oil and Stress in Older Adults Kiecolt-GlaserJK et al., Omega-3 fatty acids, oxidative stress, and leukocyte telomere length: A randomized controlled trial. Brain BehavImmun 2012; in press

  42. Ohio State UniversityFish Oil and Stress in Older Adults Fish Oil • Accumulates in plasma as • Increased omega 3 • Decreased omega 6 • lowers markers of inflammation • Decreased oxidative stress Omega 6: Omega 3 ratio • Decreased marker of aging (telomere length)

  43. What do you know? • Safflower Oil is rich in: • Saturated fat • Monounsaturated fat • Omega 6 polyunsaturated fat • Omega 3 polyunsaturated fat • CLA

  44. What do you know? In Postmenopausal women with T2 DM women, CLA: Decreased body weight and adipose mass Increased central adipose mass Decreased glycemia All of the above

  45. What do you know? • Safflower oil supplementation _____ in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. • Increased inflammation • Improved glycemia • Decreased HDL • Increased trunk adipose • None of the above

  46. What do you know? 6. Fish Oil • Decreased inflammation • Caused faster aging in people • Decreased HDL • Decreased adipose mass • None of the above 46

  47. 7th Inning Stretch

  48. III. How DoFats Work on MetS? Central Obesity Some Cancers MetS & T2 Diabetes Systemic Inflammation Alzheimers Heart Disease

  49. Agents that Mimic Fats to Affect the Metabolic Syndrome PeroxisomeProliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) Thiazolidinediones (Avandia, Actos) Fibrates (Clofibrate, Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate, Tricor)

  50. PPARs • Proteins that interact with Fatty Acids / some drugs • Transcription Factors • Turn onGene Expression • Responsive genes: • Fat metabolism • Energy metabolism PPAR Fatty Acid

More Related