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Nomenclature Video AP1.3

Nomenclature Video AP1.3. Scientific N aming System Part I. What is the difference between an element and a compound?. Definitions. Elements cannot be broken down by physical or chemical changes. Compounds are composed of 2 or more elements that can be broken down by chemical change.

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Nomenclature Video AP1.3

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  1. Nomenclature Video AP1.3 Scientific Naming System Part I

  2. What is the difference between an element and a compound?

  3. Definitions • Elements cannot be broken down by physical or chemical changes. • Compounds are composed of 2 or more elements that can be broken down by chemical change. • What type of matter can be broken down by physical changes?

  4. Ions • Ionsare elements with a charge. The reference table lists these charges for each element. • If the element is positive, it is called a cation. • Cations are named the same as the element. (Example: Ca=Calcium and Ca+2=Calcium ion) • If the element in negative, it is called an anion. • Anions are named ending with “-ide” (Example: N=Nitrogen and N-3 = Nitride ion)

  5. You try: • Mg+2 • K+ • O-2 • F- • Li+ • I-

  6. Binary Compounds Binary Compounds consist of only two of elements. To name: write the complete name of the first element. The second element should then be named, ending in “-ide.” • NaCl sodium chloride • KI potassium iodide • MgCl2 magnesium chloride • Ca3N2 calcium nitride

  7. Remember: When naming, always name the positive, cation first and then the negative, anion last.

  8. You try… • Li3P • Al2S3 • SrBr2 • Rb2O • BaSe • CsI

  9. Problem: • FeCl2 and FeCl3 are different compounds but seem to have the same name. How can we name them different? • FeCl2 is iron (II) chloride FeCl3 is iron (III) chloride. • What do the roman numerals represent?

  10. Transition Metals and nonmetals • Transition Metals are in the middle group of the periodic table. • Nonmetals are on the right side of the staircase. • They have multiple charges or oxidation numbers and so you must show which charge you are using with roman numerals: I II III IV V VI VII

  11. General Rule • First Column: +1 • Second Column: +2 • Third Column: +3 • Fourth Column: +4 • Fifth Column: -3 • Sixth Column: -2 • Seventh Column: -1 • Eighth Column: 0

  12. Careful: This rule doesn’t ALWAYS work for cations. Find the anion’s charge and equalize that with the cation’s charge.

  13. Try these… FeCl2 CuF ZnO N2O3 SO3 PCl3 CH4

  14. Criss-cross Rule To write a formula, write the two ions separately showing their charges. Charges are on the periodic table. Then, swap the two numbers and drop the sign: Calcium nitride:Ca2+ N-3 Ca3N2 Lithium oxide : Li+ O-2 Li2O Notice, we don’t write ones!

  15. Try these… • Potassium iodide • Magnesium chloride • Aluminum sulfide • Hydrogen oxide • Barium selenide • Cesium phosphide • Strontium phosphide • Copper (II) flouride • Iron (III) telluride

  16. Other Compounds • When compounds have more than 2 elements, it contains a polyatomic ion. • AgNO3 silver nitrate • CaCO3 calcium carbonate • LiClO2 lithium chlorite • NaOH sodium hydroxide • (NH4)3PO4 ammonium phosphate

  17. You try… • K2SO4 • CsNO2 • Ba(SCN)2 • SrClO3 • Al(HCO3)3 • RbCN

  18. Try These… Name: Write the formula: FeSCN Nickel (III) Nitride CoCl3 Manganese (II) sulfite NiBr2 Zinc sulfate CuO Titanium (II) carbonate MnI4 Gold (III) oxide Ag2S Iron (III) Chloride

  19. Tricks for memorization: • Memorize the “-ates” • Any similar polyatomic with one more oxygen is a “per—ate”. • Any similar polyatomic with one less oxygen is a “ite”. • Any similar polyatomic with two less oxygens is a “hypo—ite”.

  20. Another note… • Occasionally you may see transition metals named using the old English system. You will not be tested on this, but it may be useful to keep in mind when reading textbooks/worksheets/etc. • Rule: The ion with the smaller charge will end in “ous” and the ion with the larger charge will end in “ic”. All other naming rules still apply. • Example: Ferrous Fe+2 Ferric Fe+3 • More names appear in your textbook.

  21. Nomenclature Video AP1.8 Scientific Naming System Part II

  22. Covalent Compounds • Compounds with only nonmetals (elements on the right side of the staircase). 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 oct- 9 non-

  23. Name or write the formula: NO H2O PCl5 Cl2O7 Carbon tetrachloride Phosphorous tribromide Silicon dioxide

  24. Acids Acids generally will start with a hydrogen and have to be in the aqueous form. Hydrogen ____ ide hydro _____ ic acid Hydrogen ____ ate  ______ ic acid Hydrogen per__ ate  per______ic acid Hydrogen ____ ite ______ ous acid Hydrogen hypo_ ite hypo_____ous acid

  25. Name the acids: • HClO4 • HClO3 • HClO2 • HClO • HCl • HBr • HF • HI • H2SO4 • H2SO3 • HNO3 • HNO2 • H3PO4

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