Understanding Natural Resources: Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy

1. Chapter 5 Section 1 Natural Resources Journal 10/25/12 • In your own words explain what energy is.

2. Chapter 5: Energy Resources

3. Chapter 5 Energy Resources Table of Contents Section 1 Natural Resources Section 2 Fossil Fuels Section 3 Alternative Resources

4. Chapter 5 Section 1 Natural Resources Bellringer Think about these items: a plastic sandwich bag, a pencil, a glass of water, 1 qt of motor oil, an empty aluminum can, a wooden match, salt, and some aquarium charcoal. What do these items have in common? Write your answer in your science journal.

5. Chapter 5 Section 1 Natural Resources Objectives • Describe how humans use natural resources. • Compare renewable resources with nonrenewable resources. • Explain three ways that humans can conserve natural resources.

6. Chapter 5 Section 1 Natural Resources Earth’s Resources • A natural resource is any natural material that is used by humans. • Examples: water, petroleum, minerals, forests and animals. • Most resources are changed into products that make people’s lives easier. • Example??? • The energy we get from many of these resources ultimately comes from the sun.

7. Chapter 5 Section 1 Natural Resources Renewable Resources • A renewable resource is a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which it is used. • Although many resources are renewable, they still can be used up before they can be renewed. • Example: Trees, fish, and water.

8. Chapter 5 Section 1 Natural Resources Nonrenewable Resources • Nonrenewable resource - a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which it is consumed. • Examples: Coal, petroleum, and natural gas. • These three things are known as fossil fuels. • How do fossil fuels form? • Q: If coal, oil, and natural gas are still forming why aren’t they considered renewable?

9. Section 1 Natural Resources Chapter 5 Conserving Natural Resources • We must conserve both renewable and nonrenewable resources. • To conserve natural resources, you should try to use them only when necessary. • Conserving resources also means preventing pollution.

10. Chapter 5 Section 1 Natural Resources Conserving Natural Resources, continued • Energy Conservation • How we use energy: • heat • transportation • electricity • Most of our energy resources are nonrenewable. • Q: What does this mean for our future?

11. Chapter 5 Section 1 Natural Resources Conserving Natural Resources, continued • Q: How can we conserve energy for the future?

12. Chapter 5 Section 1 Natural Resources Conserving Natural Resources, continued • Reduce, Reuse, Recycle • Recycling is the process of reusing materials from waste or scrap. • Recycling reduces the amount of natural resources we have to take from the environment.

13. Chapter 5 Section 1 Natural Resources Conserving Natural Resources, continued • Recycling also conserves energy. • It takes less energy to recycle something than make a completely new one. • Newspaper, aluminum cans, most plastic containers, and some cardboard boxes can be recycled.

14. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Bellringer What does the term fossil fuels imply about the source of these fuels? Write your answer in your science journal.

15. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Quiz 12/7/10 Natural resources used to generate energy are known as? All living things contain what element? Liquid fossil fuels are known as what? What is the advantage of using natural gas? What is the disadvantage of using natural gas?

16. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Quiz 12/8/10 Coal is composed of what? What does permeable mean? What percentage of fossil fuels are imported by the U.S. What is the name for the process by which we remove coal from the ground?

17. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Objectives • Describe what energy resources are. • Identify three different forms of fossil fuels. • Explain how fossil fuels form. • Describe how fossil fuels are found and obtained. • Identify four problems with fossil fuels.

18. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Energy Resources • Energy resources are natural resources that humans use to generate energy. • Q: What is energy? • Most of the energy we use comes from a group of natural resources called fossil fuels.

19. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Energy Resources Provides energy for the growth of  Which die, partially decompose, and turn into  Sun Plants Which when  = Burned Coal

20. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Energy Resources, continued • A fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago. • Examples: Petroleum, coal, and natural gas. • Energy is released from fossil fuels when they are burned. • That energy is used to do work.

21. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Carbon • All living things are made up of the element carbon. • Fossil fuels > once living organisms > contain carbon. • Most of the carbon in fossil fuels exists as hydrogen-carbon compounds called hydrocarbons. • Q: So… when you burn the hydrocarbons in fossil fuels what gets released into the atmosphere? • Fossil fuels may exist as liquids, gases, or solids.

22. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels

23. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Liquid Fossil Fuels • A liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds is called petroleum. • A.K.A - crude oil. • Petroleum is turned into several kinds of products in refineries. • Examples: gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oil.

24. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Petroleum Refining

25. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Liquid Fossil Fuels, continued • Accounts for 40% of the world’s energy • Uses: transportation and heating. • Q: What makes it useful for transportation? • Crude oil is so valuable that it is sometimes called black gold.

26. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Gaseous Fossil Fuels • A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons is called natural gas. • Uses : heating and electricity • Advantage • Causes less air pollution than burning oil. • Disadvantage • Very flammable and dangerous!

27. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Gaseous Fossil Fuels, continued • Composed of: • Methane (CH4)is the main component • Butane • Propane • Q: Where are butane and propane commonly used? • Q:Where can methane gas be found?

28. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Solid Fossil Fuels • Coal is formed underground from partially decomposed plant material. • Once the major source of energy in the US. • Once used for heat and transportation • Q: Why did we stop using coal for heat and transportation? • Current uses: electricity

29. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Solid Fossil Fuels • Coal is formed underground from partially decomposed plant material. • Once the major source of energy in the US. • Once used for heat and transportation • Q: Why did we stop using coal for heat and transportation? • Current uses: electricity

30. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels How Do We Make Electricity From Coal? Electricity Production Video

31. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels How Do Fossil Fuels Form? • Steps: • Microscopic organisms die  sink to the bottom  get buried by sediment  sediment becomes rock  physical and chemical changes over millions of years turn the remains into petroleum and natural gas.. • Pressure from over-laying rocks and sediments can force fossil fuels to move through permeable rocks.

32. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels How Do Fossil Fuels Form?, continued • Permeable rocks are rocks that allow fluids, such as petroleum and gas, to move through them. • These permeable rocks become reservoirs that hold petroleum and natural gas.

33. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels

34. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels How Do Fossil Fuels Form?, continued • Coal Formation • Forms underground • Millions of years • Pressure and heat cause changes in the remains of swamp plants. • Steps • plants die sink to the bottom of the swamp if they don’t decay completely coal can begin to form.

35. Chapter 5 Section 2Fossil Fuels Coal Formation Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

36. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Where Are Fossil Fuels Found? • Many parts of the world • United States • Petroleum, natural gas, and coal.

37. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Where Are Fossil Fuels Found?, continued • Despite its large reserves of petroleum, the United States imports petroleum as well. • One-half imported from: • Middle East • South America • Africa • Canada • Mexico.

38. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels How Do We Obtain Fossil Fuels? • Method used depends on: • The type of fuel • Where it is located • Petroleum and natural gas • Removed by drilling wells into rock that contains these resources. • Oil wells exist on land and in the ocean. • Coal • Removed by surface or subsurface mining.

39. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Problems with Fossil Fuels • Obtaining and using fossil fuels has negative effects on the environment. • Burning coal • Causes Acid Rain • Sulfur dioxide + moisture in the air = sulfuric acid. • Acid Raid = rain, sleet, or snow that has a high concentration of acid (because of air pollution) • Negative effect on wildlife, plants, and buildings.

40. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Acid Rain

41. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Problems with Fossil Fuels, continued • Coal Mining • Destroys habitat for plants and animals • Lowers the ground water • Pollute water supply

42. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Problems with Fossil Fuels, continued • Petroleum Problems • Transportation dangers • Oil tanker spills • June 2000 • Oil tanker spills off the coast of South Africa. • 400 tons of oil spilled • Black-footed penguins couldn’t swim and catch food. • Many other wildlife species were adversely affected.

43. Chapter 5 Section 2 Fossil Fuels Problems with Fossil Fuels, continued • Petroleum Problems • Burning problems • Smog is photo-chemical haze that forms when sunlight acts upon industrial pollutants and burning fuels. • Very serious problem in: • Houston • Los Angeles • Beijing

44. Chapter 5 Section 3Alternative Resources Smog Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept

45. Chapter 5 Section 3 Alternative Resources Bellringer Wind power, solar energy, and hydroelectric power are three sources of alternative energy. Which, of any, of these alternative energy sources might work well in your community? Give three reasons to support your choice. Write your responses in your science journal.

46. Chapter 5 Section 3 Alternative Resources Objectives • Describe alternatives to the use of fossil fuels. • List the advantages and disadvantages of using alternative energy sources.

47. Chapter 5 Section 3 Alternative Resources Alternative Resources • Fact: Most of our energy needs are met by using fossil fuels. • Fact: Fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource. • Q: What does that mean for our future energy use?

48. Chapter 5 Section 3 Alternative Resources Splitting the Atom: Fission • The energy released by a fission or fusion reaction is nuclear energy. • Fissionis a process in which the nuclei of radioactive atoms are split into two or more smaller nuclei. • Releases large amounts of energy (heat) • That heat is used to generate electricity.

49. Chapter 5 Section 3 Alternative Resources

50. Chapter 5 Section 3 Alternative Resources