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Operational Stress in Detainee Operations at Joint Task Force Guantanamo Bay Cuba

Operational Stress in Detainee Operations at Joint Task Force Guantanamo Bay Cuba. Scott Johnston, PhD, ABPP CDR MSC USN. Stephanie Raducha, BA Gali Goldwaser, PhD. Elizabeth J. Abou, BA Douglas C. Johnson, PhD. Naval Center for Combat & Operational Stress Control. Introduction.

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Operational Stress in Detainee Operations at Joint Task Force Guantanamo Bay Cuba

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  1. Operational Stress in Detainee Operations at Joint Task Force Guantanamo Bay Cuba Scott Johnston, PhD, ABPP CDR MSC USN Stephanie Raducha, BA Gali Goldwaser, PhD Elizabeth J. Abou, BA Douglas C. Johnson, PhD Naval Center for Combat & Operational Stress Control

  2. Introduction • NCCOSC collaboration • Combat tours vs. GTMO deployment • Questions • Stress / PTSD • Working outside of rate • Beliefs of mental health

  3. Life as a Guard at GTMO • History • Camp X-Ray • Safe, humane, legal and transparent care • Spotlight of the world • Tropical paradise

  4. Sample • N = 498 • Guards and medical personnel • Mid-deployment • Self report surveys • August 2009 – November 2009

  5. GTMO Guard Demographics

  6. Measures • PTSD Checklist – military (PCL-M) • Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) • Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) • Response to Stressful Experiences Scale (RSES) • Beliefs about Psychotherapy • Neurocognitive Survey – Alcohol Section • NEO-N

  7. PTSD Symptoms for GTMO Population vs. Combat Population *Operation Iraqi Freedom National Guard Soldiers with moderate combat exposure who served from 2005 to 2006. (Renshaw et al., 2009).

  8. GTMO PTSD Rates Compared to Combat Vets and Pre-Deployment Rates Hoge data GTMO data *Marines and Soldiers exposed to combat while deployed to Operation Iraqi Freedom, Hoge et al., 2004. Based on PCL-M symptoms endorsed.

  9. Depression in GTMO Guards vs. Other Service Members GTMO Population Millennium Cohort Population *Millennium Cohort data from: Wells et al., 2010. Depression criteria based on PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater.

  10. Increased risk for Depression • Hypotheses • Psychological vs. kinetic warfare • Constriction vs. small unit autonomy

  11. Working outside of your rate • Rate = job • 52% work outside their regular job • Training as resilience factor

  12. Working Within vs. Outside Rate Within Rate Outside Rate *All reported results are statistically significant (p<.05). Depression – Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); PTSD - PTSD Checklist – Military (PCL-M); Alcohol - CAGE Alcohol – primary care alcohol screener; Self refer - based on question: If you believed you had a mental health problem, would you ask for professional help?

  13. Beliefs in Mental Health • Stigma • 50% don’t seek care • If you believed you had a mental health problem, would you ask for professional help? • If you believed you had a trooper under your leadership that had a mental health problem, would you refer them for professional help?

  14. Willingness to Refer to Mental Health Treatment * Based on questions: 1) If you believed you had a mental health problem, would you ask for professional help? 2) If you believed you had a trooper under your leadership that had a mental health problem, would you refer them for professional help?

  15. Willingness to Refer with or without PTSD Refer Self & Refer Trooper Not Refer Self & Refer Trooper *Will Refer Self, Won’t Refer Trooper; Won’t Refer Self, Won’t Refer Trooper are not reported.

  16. Willingness to Refer with and without Depression Refer Self & Refer Trooper Not Refer Self & Refer Trooper *Will Refer Self, Won’t Refer Trooper; Won’t Refer Self, Won’t Refer Trooper are not reported.

  17. Conclusions • Detainee operations are stressful • Higher risk for depression • Protective quality of working outside rate • Stigma is present • More likely to refer other then self • Those at risk are less likely to seek mental health

  18. Questions CDR Scott Johnston scott.johnston@med.navy.mil

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