Chapter Six

1. Chapter Six http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/revolutionarywartimeline.htm Americans break away Migration Canada wins a war

2. http://lordaquaticus.deviantart.com/art/The-American-Revolution-165191307http://lordaquaticus.deviantart.com/art/The-American-Revolution-165191307

3. What you will know by the end of this chapter: • How British North America was impacted by rebellion in the Thirteen Colonies and by the subsequent Loyalist migration • What the role of Chief Tecumseh was in the War of 1812 • How the War of 1812 contributed to a British identity in Canada • How the War of 1812 contributed to the definition of Canada’s boundaries

4. Background to the American Revolution What led up to it… http://talesofcuriosity.com/v/AmericanRevolution/

5. Tea Party – School House Rock – No More Kings http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-9pDZMRCpQ http://eslnotepad.blogspot.com/2010/07/boston-tea-party-from-voice-of-america.html

6. Seven Years’ War • Britain was in debt because of the war • Increased taxes to help bring down their debt • The colonists refused to pay them • They weren’t allowed to send representatives to Britain to represent them • No taxation without representation • Decided to go to war against Britain

7. The American Revolution/American War of Independence • 1755, rebellion starts • George Washington led the army • 1776, Thirteen Colonies declare their independence (began the actual war) • 1776-1783 – The American Revolution • Patriots (revolution supporters) vs. the Loyalists (people loyal to Britain) • Divided entire communities in the Colonies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TUrRfJkSPo

8. Snyder gets tarred and feathered http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TUrRfJkSPo http://www.history.org/foundation/journal/spring06/tar.cfm

9. Migration • The Loyalists were refugees • A person who seeks protection in another country to escape danger in their own country (pg. 174) • Many decided to leave and go to the British colony to the North, Canada • 3000 Black Loyalists • 2000 Haudenosaunee allies • 3000 German Mennonites (pacifists, do not agree with war, refused to choose a side) • 30000 white British Loyalists

10. What impact do you think these settlers had on people already living in what is now Canada? http://www.canata.ca/index.php/G._Upper_Canada_and_the_First_Nations,_1780s_to_1820s

11. You will be assigned a page from 175-178. It is your job to read through the section. You will then give a brief explanation of what it would have been like for your Loyalist to move to Canada. You will be divided into four groups… http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_175.svg http://www.scvresources.com/highways/sr_178/highway_178_tour.htm

12. Impact on Canadiens • 10% of Quebec’s population was British because of the migration • Britain wanted British law in Quebec, not French civil law • Scared the Canadiens… would their rights be taken away… again? • Which Act gave the French their laws back???

13. Impact on First Nations • Treaties had to be developed as many of the Loyalists were farmers • Wanted to take over First Nation’s land • Many Loyalists moved into Nova Scotia which does NOT have adequate farm land • Ended up moving into the Mi’kmaq’s land which was not considered Indian Territory under the Proclamation of 1763 • May have upset the Mi’kmaq…

14. Tough Choices for Britain • The Loyalists wanted British rules in Quebec • Petitioned government for British laws and customs • Quebec Act was just passed… • Loyalist Colonists felt different and many settled together • Felt that they had different needs that the government needed to provide for • Lots of the colonists were separated from Nova Scotia (in New Brunswick) and wanted to make their own rules

15. How do you think Britain should respond to these demands? http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/lower-canada

16. Response One – New Colonies • Occurred in 1784 • Divided Nova Scotia into many colonies • New Brunswick • Cape Breton • St. John Island

17. Constitutional Act 1791 • Quebec divided into Upper and Lower Canada • To remember, Upper Canada is UP STREAM of the St. Lawrence • Upper Canada would use British civil/criminal law Lower Canada would use French civil/criminal law • Protestant Churches and Catholic Churches were built and protected • Created representative government

18. Representative Government • Was important to the Loyalists AND the Canadiens as it gave them a say • This type of government is when the citizens send a representative to represent them in government • This representative government would advise the people in Britain of what to do • They couldn’t make decisions about money

19. http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/article/921861--the-civil-war-of-1812http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/article/921861--the-civil-war-of-1812 The War of 1812 How it affected Canada

20. What led up to it: • 1789 – French Revolution • France kicked out their monarchy and became a republic (system of government without a monarch) • Countries with monarchs attacked France • A guy name Napoleon defended France and took over parts of Europe • Started the Napoleonic Wars • To get back at their enemies, Britain stopped trade between French ports(Lower Canada) and the USA • Britain boarded US ships to look for people who were deserting Britain so they could arrest them

21. American Response • They were angry… if you could imagine • America declared war on the closest piece of land to Britain… British North America • They expected the colonists (especially the French) to fight with them… but alas, they fought against them • Many different battles occurred including both sides’ government buildings

22. Laura Secord http://www.historica-dominion.ca/content/heritage-minutes/laura-secord?media_type=41& http://www3.telus.net/st_simons/cr0807.html

23. General William Hull • Invaded Upper Canada and declared (pg. 191): Inhabitants of Canada! After thirty years of peace and prosperity the United States has been driven to arms. The army under my command has invaded your country, and the flag of the United States now waves over the territory of Canada. To the peaceable unoffending inhabitant it brings neither danger nor difficulty. I come to find enemies, not to make them. I come to protect, not to injure you. In the name of my country, and by the authority of my government, I promise you protection to your persons, property, and rights. Remain at your homes, pursue your peaceful and customary avocations. Raise not your hands against us. The United States offers you Peace, Liberty, and Security – your choice lies between these and WAR, slavery, and destruction. Choose, but choose wisely.

24. How would you feel? You are sitting in the audience and you hear General Hull say this… what would you think? http://theclares.ca/history21/Webpages/Bio%20Hull%20William.html

25. Canadiens Opinion • Catholic Church went against the Canadiens rebelling • Don’t agree with republican governments • A government without a monarch • Had the Voltigeurs (French militia) • Defeated the Americans when they invaded Montreal (which probably would have lost the war for British North America)

26. Upper Canada’s Position • Many Loyalists lived here… supported Britain • Some of the settlers were Americans who only wanted land, they supported the Americans • They were asked to leave after the war • Offered land to British soldiers so they could fight against the Americans

27. Techumseh • Tecumseh from the Shawnee First Nation (pg. 194) Brothers, when the white men first set foot on our grounds, they were hungry. They had no place on which to spread their blankets, or to kindle their fires. We shared freely with them whatever the Great Spirit had given us. Brothers, the white people came among us feeble, and now we have made them strong, they wish to kill us, or drive us back, as they would wolves and panthers. Brothers, the white men are not our friends. At first, they only asked for land sufficient for a wigwam. Now, nothing will satisfy them but the whole of our hunting grounds. Brothers, the king of England is angry with the Americans, our enemies. He will send his troops against them. He will send us rifles. Brothers, we must be united. We must fight each other’s battles, and more than all, we must love the Great Spirit. He is for us, He will destroy our enemies, and make us happy.

28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50_iRIcxsz0 Best song… It will be in your head for the rest of the day!

29. Turn to page 195-7 Let’s look at a couple opinions… http://www.londonheritage.ca/Events/Pages/EventsDetails.aspx?feid=1788f6b9-9ce3-4724-b1e0-6242803ba2cf

30. Answer the Questions… • How British North America was impacted by rebellion in the Thirteen Colonies and by the subsequent Loyalist migration • What the role of Chief Tecumseh was in the War of 1812 • How the War of 1812 contributed to a British identity in Canada • How the War of 1812 contributed to the definition of Canada’s boundaries