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Periodic Table

Periodic Table. Ions and Oxidation Numbers. Ions and Oxidation Numbers: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:. Identify an ion as a cation, anion, monatomic or polyatomic Explain the charge of an ion Define an oxidation number

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Periodic Table

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  1. Periodic Table Ions and Oxidation Numbers

  2. Ions and Oxidation Numbers:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: Identify an ion as a cation, anion, monatomic or polyatomic Explain the charge of an ion Define an oxidation number List the standard oxidation number for every element on the periodic table Determine the oxidation numbers in a compound or ion

  3. Ions An ion is an atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive or negative charge.

  4. The slightly overweight guy wished he was… Tin - Sn

  5. 11 protons 11 electrons 11 protons 10 electrons Na+ Na Cation – ion with a positive charge If a neutral atom loses one or more electrons it becomes a cation.

  6. 17 protons 18 electrons 17 protons 17 electrons Cl- Cl Anion – ion with a negative charge If a neutral atom gains one or more electrons it becomes an anion.

  7. Cation an ion with a positivecharge. Anion an ion with a Negativecharge. - A I O N

  8. A monatomic ion contains only one atom Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, O2-, Al3+, N3- A polyatomic ion contains more than one atom OH-, CN-, NH4+, NO3-

  9. Things my Mother taught me… CONTORTIONISM.      "Will you look at that dirt on the back of your neck!"

  10. 27 3+ Al ? How many protons and electrons are in 13 ? 78 2- How many protons and electrons are in Se 34 Do You Understand Ions? 13 protons, 10 (13 – 3) electrons 34 protons, 36 (34 + 2) electrons

  11. 2.5

  12. Oxidation Numbers The charge the atom would have in a molecule (or an ionic compound) if electrons were completely transferred to the more electronegative atom. Metal ions in Family 1, 2, 3, and 13 have one, positive oxidation number; Group 1 metals are +1, Group 2 metals are +2, Groups 3 and 13 metals are +3. Li+, Li = +1; Mg2+, Mg = +2 Sc3+, Sc = +3; Al3+, Al = +3

  13. Oxidation Numbers Let’s Check for Understanding: Lithium ion = Li+, therefore the oxidation # = +1; Magnesium ion = Mg2+, therefore the ox. # = +2 Aluminum ion = Al3+, therefore the ox. # = +3

  14. Oxidation Numbers (cont.) The oxidation number of a transition metal ion is positive, but can vary in magnitude. Mostly 2+. Why? Nonmetals can have a variety of oxidation numbers, both positive and negative numbers which can vary in magnitude. Mostly, however, Group 14 = 4+/-, Group 15 = 3-, Group 16 = 2- and Group 17 = 1-. Why?

  15. Oxidation Numbers (cont.) Free elements (uncombined state) have an oxidation number of zero. Each atom in K or Be for example has the same oxidation number: zero.

  16. Interesting Answers to Catholic Elementary School Bible Questions: MOSES LED THE JEWS TO THE RED SEA WHERE THEY MADE UNLEAVENED BREAD, WHICH IS BREAD WITHOUT ANY INGREDIENTS.

  17. Assigning Oxidation Numbers

  18. Assigning Oxidation Numbers Alkali Metals = +1

  19. Assigning Oxidation Numbers Alkaline Earth Metals = +2

  20. Assigning Oxidation Numbers Group 13 Boron Group = +3

  21. Assigning Oxidation Numbers Group 15 Nonmetals = -3

  22. Assigning Oxidation Numbers Group 16 Nonmetals = -2

  23. Assigning Oxidation Numbers Halogens = -1

  24. Assigning Oxidation Numbers Transition and Post Transition Metals generally have multiple oxidation numbers

  25. Assigning Oxidation Numbers Except: Ag1+, Zn2+, Cd2+

  26. Assigning Oxidation Numbers Also, because of the glitch, these two families will tend to be 1+, not 2+

  27. 15 Helpful Hints On The Lab Report from Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!! Hint #2. Experiments must be reproducible. They should fail the same way each time.

  28. Oxidation Numbers How to determine oxidation numbers for elements that can have several possibilities: The most electronegative element will generally retain its negative oxidation number. The least electronegative element will generally retain its positive oxidation number. Use this information to determine the other oxidation numbers.

  29. The oxidation number of fluorine is always–1. (unless fluorine is in elemental form, F2) The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or ion is equal to the charge on the molecule or ion. Example: CuF; F= -1; Therefore Cu = +1

  30. The oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 HF; F= -1, therefore H = +1 except when it is bonded to metals in binary compounds. In these cases, its oxidation number is –1. NaH; Na= +1, therefore H = -1

  31. The oxidation number of oxygen is usually –2. In H2O2 and O22- it is –1. H2O; H = +1, O= -2 SO3; O = -2 x 3 = -6, S = +6

  32. Oxidation numbers of all the atoms in HCO3- ? HCO3- O = -2 H = +1 3 x (-2) + 1 + ? = -1 C = +4

  33. Find the Oxidation numbers of all the elements in the following ? IF7 F = -1 7 x (-1) + ? = 0 I = +7

  34. Ions and Oxidation Numbers:Let’s see if you can: Identify an ion as a cation, anion, monatomic or polyatomic Explain the charge of an ion Define an oxidation number List the standard oxidation number for every element on the periodic table Determine the oxidation numbers in a compound or ion

  35. What the police did with the underage drinking parties! Radium - Ra

  36. An atom has 14 protons, 18 electrons and 20 neutrons. The element (or ion) is … Si Mg Ar Si4- Si4+ Ar4- Ar4+

  37. An atom has 15 protons, 10 electrons and 17 neutrons. What element (or ion) is it? Ne P Ne5+ P5+ Ne5- P5-

  38. How many total electrons does the following ion have? F- • One • Two • Seven • Eight • Nine • Ten

  39. Na+ is called a(n) • Cution • Anion • Polyatomic ion • Monatomic ion • Ipad

  40. NO- is called a(n) • Cation • Antion • Polyatomic ion • Monatomic ion • Ionion

  41. How many total electrons does the following ion have? O2- • One • Two • Seven • Eight • Nine • Ten

  42. How many total electrons does the following ion have? Mg2+ • One • Two • Seven • Eight • Nine • Ten

  43. What is the general oxidation number for Zn, z = 30? • 1+ • 2+ • 3+ • 3- • 2- • 1- • 0

  44. What is the general oxidation number for Cl, z = 17? • 1+ • 2+ • 3+ • 3- • 2- • 1- • 0

  45. What is the general oxidation number for Cu, z = 29? • 1+ • 2+ • 3+ • 3- • 2- • 1- • 0

  46. What is the general oxidation number for Ni, z = 28? • 1+ • 2+ • 3+ • 3- • 2- • 1- • 0

  47. Which of the following is isoelectronic to Na+? • F+ • Al-3 • Mg+ • Ne

  48. Which of the following is isoelectronic to Na+? • F+ • Al+3 • Mg+ • Ne+

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