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Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Quick Intro ( much more tomorrow). Israel was established 1948 after WWII Split up the land called Palestine Arabs lived in Palestine (Muslims) Different claims to the land – longstanding Jerusalem is the holy city for Muslims, Christians, and Jews
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Quick Intro (much more tomorrow) • Israel was established 1948 after WWII • Split up the land called Palestine • Arabs lived in Palestine (Muslims) • Different claims to the land – longstanding • Jerusalem is the holy city for Muslims, Christians, and Jews • 1967 – Six Day War – Israel takes over much more Palestinian territory • Conflict has lasted the entire second half of 20th century & into the 21st century: one of the greatest unresolved conflicts of our time.
Key Vocab • Zionism - Jewish nationalist movement that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish national state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jews
Video • http://www.seeker.com/why-are-israel-and-palestine-fighting-1792462445.html • As you watch….jot down notes on why there is conflict
Why does the US support Israel • As you watch this video clip, answer the following: • 1: Why did the US originally begin its support of Israel • 2: What are TWO reasons why the US still supports Israel today? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl8sWCxyPJw
Middle East Map Use your textbooks and/or phones to label the countries & religious affiliation
Label • Israel • Gaza • West Bank • Golan Heights • Jordan • Egypt • Med. Sea • Jerusalem
Intro to Conflict: Food & Culture • Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown • Season 2 Episode 1: Jerusalem • As you watch, answer the video questions
Zionism • Began in the late 1800s • Definition: desire to create a homeland for the Jewish people in what used to be the Kingdom of Israel • Increased immigration of European Jews to area • Area wascontrolled by the Ottoman Empire and inhabited by Palestinians
Balfour Doctrine • Written in 1917 • Before Britain got control of Palestine • Official British statement to Zionist leaders saying: • Britain supported a state for the Jews as long as it did not harm the “civil and religious rights of the non-Jewish citizens of Palestine” • Led to an increase in tensions between Palestinians and Jews
Claims to the land • Palestinian claim: • They are indigenous to the land & majority of the pop (66%) • British promise (fight against Ottomans…get independence) • Jewish claim: • Birthplace of the Jewish people & after being expelled from the land, always wished to return • Been trying for centuries to return • British promise (Balfour Declaration) • Holocaust • No solution reached…until WWII ends & Britain needs to decide what to do with the land
Post-WWII (1947) • UN voted to divide Palestine into two states – UN Resolution 181 • Jerusalem was to be an international city owned by neither side • Palestinians (66% of the population) received 45% of the land • Jews (34% of the population) received 55% of the land • Mostly supported by Jews • Not supported by Arabs • Led to a 1 year civil war
Detailed Outline: DBQ • Once all documents are done you will (alone or with a partner) OUTLINE the answers to the essay questions • Outline must include: • 2-3 causes of conflict (make sure you explain why it’s a cause, do not just list it—must demonstrate you understand deeper meaning) • 2 impacts the conflict has had on Israelis • 2 impacts the conflict has had on Palestinians
Outline Format • A: Causes of the conflict: 1.Explain one cause of the conflict……(cite doc #) 2.Explain 2nd cause of the conflict …… (cite doc #) 3.3rdcause • B: Impact of the conflict on the ISRAELIS • Explain one impact on the Israelis (can be positive or negative)…..(cite doc #) • Explain 2nd impact on the Israelis (can be positive or negative)…..(cite doc #) • C: Impact of the conflict on the PALESTINIANS • Explain one impact on the Palestinians (can be positive or negative)…..(cite doc #) • Explain 2nd impact on the Palestinians can be positive or negative)…..(cite doc #)
Arab-Israeli War 1948 • May 14/15 – state of Israel announced • May 14/15 – Neighboring Arab countries attacked
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) • Founded in 1964: Palestinian organization dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state • Charter of PLO stated: • Palestinians had a right to self-determination and were willing to fight to regain their homeland • Jews of Palestinian origin could continue to live within the liberated country of Palestine • Palestine would be secular (non-religious) and democratic • Used guerrilla warfare against Israeli’s • 1972 Olympic Massacre • Yasser Arafat was leader of PLO until his death in 2004.
War of 1967 – Six-Day War • Israel took control of Sinai Peninsula (Egypt), Gaza Strip West Bank, Golan Heights (Syria) • Size of Israel tripled • Israel kept control of Gaza Strip (from Egypt) and the West Bank (from Jordan) until 1993 • Arab governments in Middle East gave three NOs to Israel • No peace • No recognition that the state of Israel exists • No negotiation with Israel • Also demanded a state for the Palestinian people
1973: Yom Kippur War • Syria and Egypt launched surprise attacks on Israel • Yom Kippur is a high holy day • Gained land initially, then Israel fought back and regained it • America aided Israel • Led OPEC to cut oil supplies to Israel and countries that supported it (USA, Japan, Canada, United Kingdom, & Netherlands)
1979: Camp David Accords • Peace treaty signed between Israel & Egypt. • Egypt recognized Israel’s right to exist - first Arab country to do so • Israel returned Sinai Peninsula to Egypt
In 1987, the PLO, under the leadership of Yasir Arafat, launched the Intifada (uprising)
Intifada (Uprising) • Widespread campaign of civil disobedience • Use of boycotts & demonstrations • Attacked Israeli soldiers, and rock throwing by unarmed teenagers • Will last until the 1990s with little progress
1993: The Oslo Accords • Portions of the West Bank & Gaza were to be governed by a Palestinian authority led by Yasir Arafat • Attempts at peace today have been hindered by terrorist attacks
Terrorist Groups (According to US) • Hamas & Hezbollah: Groups whose goal is the destruction of Israel and the creation of an Islamic Palestinian state • methods include assassination, raids, bombing, and suicide bombing.
Political Cartoon Analysis • Working with your partner, you are to analyze the political cartoons on the Arab-Israeli Conflict and answer the following Reflection Questions: • What is the common theme or position on the Arab-Israeli Conflict of the ten political cartoons? • Explain the meaning and how it relates to conflict in the Middle East (answer for 3) • What symbols do you see? What do they mean? (answer for 3)