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Textbook Tactics: Text

Textbook Tactics: Text. Speakers: Nelson Oliveira Jose Roman ECH 2050 September 12, 2012. Introduction. Keep your audience entertain/focus! Definition Description Classification/Division Comparison/Contrast Argument. Definition Categories!. Informal Definition:

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Textbook Tactics: Text

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  1. Textbook Tactics: Text Speakers: Nelson Oliveira Jose Roman ECH 2050 September 12, 2012

  2. Introduction Keep your audience entertain/focus! • Definition • Description • Classification/Division • Comparison/Contrast • Argument

  3. Definition Categories! • Informal Definition: • A word or brief phrase that gives only minimal information about the term. • Formal Definition: • A full sentence that distinguishes the term from other similar terms. • Expanded Definition: • A lengthy explanation that begins with a formal definition and is developed into several paragraphs.

  4. Informal Definition: Keep it Simple • An informal definition will; • Appear after the term being defined. • Be short (often as one-word Synonyms) • Will give enough information to keep the listener minimally informed.

  5. Formal Definition: • Appear in form of a sentence that lists: • The Term. • The Class. • The Features. • For Instance, TermClassFeatures A pumper is a fire-fighting used to provide adequate apparatus pressure to propel streams of water toward a fire

  6. Expanded Definition! used when listeners need more information! Consist of a three-part structure: An overview at the beginning Supporting information in the middle Brief closing remarks at the end There are different ways to expand a definition like: Background and/or history of term Applications Lists of parts Graphics Comparison/contrast Basic principle Illustration

  7. Choose the right location! You have this five choices for location a definition: In the same sentence as the term In a separate sentence In a footnote to a speech produced as text In a glossary at the beginning or end of a speech produced as text In an appendix at the end of a speech produced as text

  8. Description Remember your listeners’ Needs Be accurate and objective Choose an overall organization plan

  9. Use “Helpers” like graphic and analogies

  10. Classification Grouping lists of items in categories , a process called “classification”. Separating an individual item into its parts is called “division” Find a common basis Limit the number of gr Classify each item carefully

  11. Division Division begins with an entire item that must be broken down or partitioned into parts Choose the right basis for dividing Subdivide parts when necessary Describe each part with care

  12. Comparison/Contrast Remember you purpose Establish clear criteria and use them consistently Choose the “Whole-by-Whole” approach for short comparison/contrats.

  13. Comparison/Contrast • Choose the “Part-by-Part” approach for long comparison/contrasts • I. PushingCapacity • II. Puchase Details • III. Dependability • Use Illustrations

  14. Argument Use Evidence Correctly Choose the most Convincing order for points Be logical

  15. Argument • Avoid argumentative fallacies • Ad hominem • Circular reasoning • Either/or fallacy • False analogy • Hasty generalization • Non sequitur • Post hoc ergo propter hoc • Refute opposing arguments

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