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生涯運動健康的管理

生涯運動健康的管理. 健康體適能 Physical fitness. 國立成功大學 教務處 體育室. 21 世紀的生活 Life in 21 st century 靜態生活 (static life) 、飲食文化 (food culture) 、 高齡化社會 (Aging society) …. 2012 年國人十大死亡原因 10 top reasons which causing death in Taiwan in 2012. 生涯規劃 Life planning.

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生涯運動健康的管理

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  1. 生涯運動健康的管理

    健康體適能 Physical fitness 國立成功大學 教務處 體育室
  2. 21世紀的生活Life in 21stcentury 靜態生活(static life)、飲食文化(food culture)、 高齡化社會(Aging society)… 生涯運動健康的管理
  3. 2012年國人十大死亡原因 10 top reasons which causing death in Taiwanin 2012 生涯運動健康的管理
  4. 生涯規劃 Life planning 內政部估計100年國人零歲平均餘命Estimated average lifetime\ 男性為76.0歲 Male: 76.0 years old; 女性為82.7歲 Female: 82.7 years old 10年前相較:男性增加1.9歲,女性增2.7歲 Compared to 10 years before: male gained 1.9 years old; female gained 2.7 years old 台灣2011年65歲以上人口佔10.8%(251萬人) 10.8% Taiwan people are above 65 years old in 2011 (2510 thousand people) 2017年將超過14%進入高齡化社會 Taiwan people who’re above 65 yrs old will exceed 14% in 2017 and entering the aging society 推估2025將超過20%達「超高齡社會」每5人中就有1名老人 It’s estimated that Taiwan will reach super aged society in 2025 with over 20% 65yrs↑ people. There will be one old person per five people. 2050年將高達30%–生活品質、生命尊嚴 The percentage will become 30% in 2050 – quality of life; life of dignity 1946~2006平均壽命增加15-20歲 Average lifetime gained 15 to 20 years from 1946 to 2006 0-30成長學習期 30-60經營成就期 60-90實現奉獻期 0-30 : growth-learning period; 30-60:achivement-operating period; 60-90: dedication-realizing period 60歲左右才開始從事自己喜歡的生活(你還健康嗎?) Living the life you really like around 60 yrs old. (Are you healthy?)
  5. 影響健康危險因子 Dangerous factors affecting health 高血壓、高血糖、吸菸、缺乏運動及過胖 Hypertension, high blood sugar, smoking, lack of exercise and obesity 這些因子易提高心血管疾病、糖尿病及癌症的發生風險 These factors improve the risk of Cardiovascular Disease, diabetes and cancer 不良健康行為 ill heath behavior 抽菸(含二手菸)、檳榔、飲酒過量、藥物濫用 不安全性行為、心理情形 (憂鬱、自殺…) Smoking (include secondhand smoke), areca, excessive alcohol, drug abuse, unsafe sex and psychological situation (gloomy, suicide…) 全球健康風險Global Health Risks (2009 ,WHO )
  6. 致死的潛因 the potential causes of death 惡性腫瘤cancer:每四人就有一人罹患a one suffers in every four people 吸 煙smoking:癌症罹患率增加10倍,減壽5-10年 10 times easier in suffering cancer and reduce 5-10 lifetime 肥 胖obesity:致死的潛因 potential causes of death 生涯運動健康的管理
  7. 已開發國家 → 先進國家 Developed country → Advanced country 各國政府機構、學者專家皆呼籲: Governments and scholars call on: 實施健康運動的重要 The importance of implementation of healthy exercise 生涯運動健康的管理
  8. 21世紀投資新觀念 new investment concepts in 21st century 股票、基金、房地產、定存、保險… Stock, fund, real estate, deposit and insurance… →健 康HEALTH 有規律的運動才能得到健康 Regular exercise leads to health 才能創造生命的價值及意義 and creates value and meaning of life 生涯運動健康的管理
  9. 影響健康因素的認識 knowing health-affective factors 生活習慣、環境、遺傳及醫療照護 Living habits(53%), environment(21%), hereditary(16%) and medical care(10%) 影響的比例53%、21%、16%及10% 大部分的健康問題是與生活習慣有關 Most healthy problems are related to living habits 生涯運動健康的管理
  10. 建立良好的生活習慣 是促進健康及預防疾病的重要關鍵 規律運動就是優質的生活習慣之一 Etablishinggood living habits is the keypoint toimprove health andprevent diseases. Regular exercise is one of the quality living habits. 生涯運動健康的管理
  11. ★ Physical strength and spirit are cultivated or relieved by temperate regular exercise. ★ 體力和精神須透過 適度的規律運動鍛鍊或紓解 世界上最便宜的預防醫學(Preventive Medicine) 現代人的體能狀況不佳—體適能評估 ill physical situation- fitness assessment 肥胖比率日增—BMI指數、腰圍 Increase of obesity rate- BMI index, waistline 生活、工作壓力不減—紓解心理壓力 No decrease of life and work stress- relieve psychological stress 身體活動機會日減—333計畫、快活計畫 Decrease of body exercise- 333 plan, happy plan 生涯運動健康的管理
  12. 規律運動對健康的益處(1) Benefits of regular exercise toward health 增進或維持循環及代謝系統的機能 Improve or maintain functions of Circulatory system and metabolic systems 幫助體重控制,減少、重新分配體脂肪 Help weight-controling,reduce or reallocation of body fat 預防或改善高血壓、高血脂、糖尿病 Prevention or improvement of hypertension, high cholesterol and diabetes 維持骨骼質量,預防骨質疏鬆症及下背痛 Maintain bone mass, prevent Osteoporosis and lower back pain 降低罹患冠心病的比例及死亡率 Reduce suffer rate and death rate of Coronary heart disease 減低抑鬱與焦慮的感覺、促進心理的健康 Decrease gloomy and anxious feelings, improve psychological health 預防某些癌症 Prevent some cancers
  13. 規律運動對健康的益處(2) Benefits of regular exercise toward health 身體更強壯、更有效率的心和肺 Stronger body, more efficient heart and lung 增進肌肉等組織使用胰島素的能力 Improve tissues’(ex: muscle) ability of using insulin 改善情緒,較能處理壓力、較能駕馭生活 Improve modes, more able to deal with stress and life 獲得新的自尊、力量、信心及心靈平靜 Obtain new dignity, power, faith and peace of mind 更有體力和活力去享受休閒活動 Have more physical strength and energy to enjoy leisure activities 睡得較沈 Deeper sleep 抗老化 Anti-aging 生涯運動健康的管理
  14. Six levels of Wellness: spirit,environment, intellect, emotion, society and body. Every part should be in ideal state of harmony. 邁向 全人健康(Wellness) 各方面皆需在理想和諧的狀態 全人健康的六個層面 生涯運動健康的管理
  15. Physical fitness is one of wellness, 體適能是全人健康之一 影響全人健康,也受其他層面影響 身體、情感、理智、社會、精神、環境 的全面健康才是理想的健康 身體適能是所有活動及其他層面的基礎 生涯規劃應以全人健康的各層面去一一檢視 affecting wellness and affected by other levels. Overall health ofbody, emotion, intellect, society, spirit and environment is the ideal health. Physical fitness is the basic of all activities and other levels. Life planning should be examined one by one by every level of welless. 生涯運動健康的管理
  16. Four elements of physical fitness: 健康體適能的四大要素 心肺適能 (Cardiorespiratory Fitness) 肌力肌耐力 (Muscular Fitness) 柔軟度 (Flexibility) 身體組成 (Body Composition ) 生涯運動健康的管理
  17. 心肺適能Cardiorespiratory fitness 指人體在某一特定運動強度下持續活動的能力。也是身體整體氧氣供輸系統的能力(包括肺臟、呼吸、心臟、血液循環系統) The ability of human body to keep working under specific exercise intensity. 身體生理功能綜合的表現,是健康體能要素中最重要的一環 It’s the overall performance of physiological function and the most important part in physical fitness elements. 研究指出:心肺功能的發展約自16歲開始達到頂點,25歲則開始衰退,之後平均每年約1%的比率下降 Research indicates that cardiorespiratory function reaches peak around 16, starting declining around 25, declining with the rate of 1% per year in average.
  18. 心肺適能改善的好處 benefits to improve Cardiorespiratory fitness 保持新陳代謝旺盛 keep metabolism (保持體重穩定,有較少的體脂肪) 成功、健康的減肥 successful and healthy weight loss (減少、重新分配體脂肪-中年發福現象的改善) 身體更強壯、更有效率的心和肺 Stroger body, more efficient heart and lung (加強循環及代謝的機能) 發展強化、密度大的骨骼 develop strong bone (較不會患骨質疏鬆症) 改善心情 mode improve (改善情緒、防止憂鬱、沮喪、有自信) 改善外表 immproveoutlooking (好身材) 生涯運動健康的管理
  19. Exercise Prescription of Cardiorespiratory fitness: 50-80% of VO2max 55-90% of Hrmax* HRmax=220-age Duration: 20-60 minutes At least 3 times per week 心肺適能運動處方 促進心肺適能的有氧運動處方: 50-85%的最大攝氧量(VO2max) 或是55-90%的最大心跳率(HRmax)* HRmax=220-age 持續時間為20~60分鐘 每週至少3次 生涯運動健康的管理
  20. 肌肉適能 (肌力、肌耐力) Muscular fitness 指肌群在從事最大和非最大阻力負荷收縮的持續時間或重複的能力 Refers to the muscles engaged in the largest and the largest non-resistance load contraction duration or repeated capability 肌力是指肌肉組織對阻力產生單次收縮的能力 Strength: the ability of muscle tissue to produce a single contraction resistance (如立定跳遠、握力、一次背肌力) 肌耐力是指肌肉在負荷阻力下可以持續多久的能力 Muscle endurance: the muscle under load resistance can be long sustained capacity (如一分鐘仰臥起坐、伏地挺身) 人類肌肉力量的高峰在20-30歲之間,30歲之後便逐漸降低,50歲後肌肉量便急劇減少, 65歲的平均肌力約為20-30歲間的80% (Janssen, 2000) The peak of human muscle power is between 20-30 years old, gradually reduce after 30, rapidly reduce after 50. And the average strength at 65 is about 80% of 20-30 years old. 生涯運動健康的管理
  21. 肌肉適能改善的好處 benefits to improve muscular fitness 增強肌力與肌耐力 Improve strength and muscular endurance 預防運動傷害及下背痛 Prevent exercise injury and lower back pain 改善身體組成Improve body composition 提升運動能力promote exercise ability 增進心理健康improve psychological health 預防高血壓、高血脂等疾病 Prevent hypertension, high cholesterol… 促進肌肉的生理功能與神經傳導效率 Improve physiological function of muscle and nerve conduction efficiency 加強免疫力 promote immunity 生涯運動健康的管理
  22. Exercise Prescription of Cardiorespiratory fitness: Type: muscle force / weight training Repeat Frequency: 10-20 times per round; 1-3 rounds per movement Exercise frequency: 2-3 days per week 肌肉適能的運動處方 運動類型:肌肉用力性的運動/重量訓練 反覆次數:約10~20次/回合,出現肌肉適 當疲勞程度;1~3回合/動作 運動頻數:平均2~3天/週 生涯運動健康的管理
  23. 柔軟度flexibility 指關節的活動範圍以及關節周圍的韌帶和肌肉的延展能力 Knuckles range of activities and ligaments around the joints and muscles scalability 關節的柔軟度通常與相關的韌帶、肌肉、肌腱與骨頭有關 Related to ligaments, muscles, tendons and bone 柔軟度的大小最常受到肌肉與肌腱的彈性影響;但有時關節周圍堆積過多的脂肪時,關節的柔軟度也會受到影響 Most effected by flexibility of muscle and tendons; sometimes effected by much fat nearby the joint. 生涯運動健康的管理
  24. 柔軟適能改善的好處 benefits of improve flexibility 可以增進柔軟度 improve flexibility 可放鬆、紓解肌肉緊繃、疼痛,減少腰酸背痛的產生 Help relaxing and relieve muscle or pain, reduce backache 有較大的身體活動範圍,肌肉及韌帶較不易受傷,可預防運動傷害Prevent exercise injury 提供身體、情緒與精神合而為一的效果 combine body, emotion and spirit 肢體活動輕鬆,身體靈活、動作協調、姿勢優美 Movement harmony and beautiful gesture 24 生涯運動健康的管理
  25. Exercise Prescription of Flexibility: Type: static stretching Duration: until muscle taut obviously Exercise frequency: at least 2 days per week IDEAL: 1-3 rounds per day 柔軟度的運動處方 運動類型:靜性伸展操為主 運動強度:伸展至肌肉明顯而合理繃緊 持續時間:10~30秒/次;反覆3~5次/動作 運動頻數: 至少兩天一趟 (包括全身大的關節) 理想是一天1~3趟 生涯運動健康的管理
  26. 身體組成 body composition 指身體脂肪所佔的百分比,亦可說是身體的脂肪與淨體重的比率;也就是身體的肥胖程度 Percentage of body fat 目前最常用來量測身體組成的方法或公式包括: Most used methods or formula: 身體質量指數 BMI 理想體重評估法 ideal weight assessment 腰臀圍比 waist-tip ratio 身體脂肪百分比等 Percentage of body fat 生涯運動健康的管理
  27. 身體組成改善的好處 Benefits of improving body composition 提高身體的基礎代謝率,有效控制體重(消耗多餘的熱量-減少體脂肪) Promote Basal metabolic rate 影響荷爾蒙的分泌促進能量消耗,改變身體脂肪與淨體重的比例 (減少游離脂肪酸-增加免疫力) Affect Hormone secretion 其中有氧運動與重量訓練對於控制體重與改變身體組成最具效果 (改善外表-擁有好身材) Aerobic exercise and weight training are most effective 預防疾病的罹患 prevent suffering from disease (肥胖是疾病的潛因) 生涯運動健康的管理
  28. Exercise Prescription of body composition: For weight-control: Except for energy –consuming, exercise can also promote body Basal metabolic rate and affect hormone secretion to promote energy consume and change the proportion of body fat and net weight. 身體組成的運動處方 運動對體重控制 除了運動時的能量消耗外,亦能提高身體的基礎代謝率,甚至能影響荷爾蒙的分泌促進能量消耗,改變身體脂肪與淨體重的比例 有氧運動與重量訓練對於控制體重與改變身體組成最具效果 Aerobic exercise and weight training are most effective for controlling weight and change body composition.
  29. Body composition 身體組成 體重控制 Weight control 肥胖 (減少脂肪) 過瘦 (增加肌肉質量) Obesity (reduce fat) Too thin (gain muscle mass 生涯運動健康的管理
  30. 增進體能的運動處方 以 Mr. FIT來表示: F 是運動頻率(Frequency) I 是運動強度(Intensity) T 是運動時間(Time) M是運動方式(Modality) R 是漸進原則(Rate of Progression) Exercise Prescription of improving physical strength: 30 生涯運動健康的管理
  31. 運動頻率(Frequency) 體適能的改善或保持,經常的從事運動是必要的,因此強調一週實施三次以上運動 尤其對剛開始的人,只建議每週三天最理想(隔天一次),一方面可避免運動過度疲勞,另一方面可以減少運動傷害的發生 Doing exercise is essential to improve or maintain physical fitness; therefore, EXERCISE more than 3 times per week are emphasized. Especially for those who just begin to exercise, exercising 3 days per week(every other day) is recommended to avoid fatigue and to reduce sport injuries. 生涯運動健康的管理
  32. 運動強度(Intensity) 要改善體適能之心肺適能,運動時的心跳數必須增加到『最大最小心跳差的75 ﹪ 』(75 ﹪ of Heart Rate Reserve),這種強度代表著一種安全而合理的範圍 (60﹪- 85﹪ of Heart Rate Reserve) To improvecardiorespiratory fitness, 75 ﹪ of Heart Rate Reserveshould be reached when exercising. This intensity represents a safe and rational range. (60﹪- 85﹪ of Heart Rate Reserve) 32 生涯運動健康的管理
  33. 運動持續時間(Time) 根據多數體適能專家的經驗分析,運動持續時間以30分鐘最為恰當,而隨運動強度不同而調整,如果介在20~60分鐘之間都適合 可分段累加的方式達成 Can be reached by accumulation According experience analysis of most physical experts, 30 minutes is the most appropriate exercise duration. But if adjusting depends on intensity, the range from 20-60 minutes are appropriate. 33 生涯運動健康的管理
  34. 運動方式(Modality) 所選的運動方式具有持續性的而又有節奏感的運動更好,且全身各主要肌群參與。如健走、慢跑、騎腳踏車、水中有氧、有氧舞蹈…等都是好的運動方式 Doing those Exercises which are continuing and rhythmicalis better, involving participating of the main body muscles. For example, walking, jogging, cycling, water aerobics or aerobic dancing… 34 生涯運動健康的管理
  35. 漸進原則(Rate of Progression) 運動一定要控制在個人能力的適當範圍內,要以最適當的心跳數為指標 運動強度太大,會相當吃力而覺得痛苦,對運動產生恐懼感與厭惡 以合理的方式來實施,如此才能被接受,等到身體完全適應後,再要求達到標準 Exercising most be controlled within appropriate range of personal ability, targeted by the most appropriate heart beat rate. Excessive exercise intensity would lead to difficulty and suffering as well as fear and hate toward doing exercise. Doing exercise in a rational way can be accepted. Ask to reach standard after body adaption. 35 生涯運動健康的管理
  36. 改善體適能的方法 methods to improve physical fitness 36
  37. 成大檢測健康體適能的項目與方式 Fitness examinations in NCKU 身體組成body compisiton:身體質量指數(體重/身高2)BMI(weight/height2 肌力strength:立定跳遠 standing long jump 肌耐力muscular endurance:一分鐘仰臥起坐 crunches/ 1 minute 柔軟度flexibility:坐姿體前彎sit and reach 心肺適能Cardio-respiratory fitness: 女生famale /男生male:800/1600公尺(meters) 生涯運動健康的管理
  38. 正確的運動三階段 Correct exercising phases 熱身運動(Warm-up) 主要運動(Exercise) 緩和運動(Cool-down) 生涯運動健康的管理
  39. 其實運動也能很輕鬆很容易 In fact, exercising can be easy 做運動不需很多時間 no need much time 不是運動員也能進行規律運動計畫no need as an athlete 健康好處未必由激烈運動帶來,健走也能大幅增加健康 Health doesn’t necessarily come from intense exercise; walking can significantly increase health 不必急於享受運動,讓舒服感慢慢地來 no need to be hurry 別坐著,行動滋生動機~穿上運動衣吧! Action breeds motivation! Put on sportswear! 生涯運動健康的管理
  40. 有動總比沒動好 take action is better than no action 任何活動都比不活動好,但運動強度會有影響,規律運動流汗是最佳效果 Regular exercise sweat is most effective. 永不嫌遲 never too late 任何年齡由靜態轉變為動態生活都能獲益 Any dynamic life from static at any age is beneficial. 持之以恆 Perseverance 如已有動態生活,賀喜您有美好的生命歲月 Plan your active lifestyle~把「活動因子」注入妳的生活:在家、在車中、在職場、出差時、渡假時… 生涯運動健康的管理
  41. 消除心理障礙eliminate the psychological barriers(正向思考) positive thinking 管理時間 time-managing 改變舊習慣 change old habits 改變不運動的習慣change habits 很像戒菸,將之應用到運動: 1.計畫前 2.計畫 3.準備 4.行動 5.維持 1.Before plan 2.plan 3.preparation 4. action 5. maintainace 停止運動的結果 results of stopping exercising 有氧運動2-3週不動就會消失 Disappeared after no aerobic exercising for 2-3 weeks 健身運動4-6週就消失 Disappeared after no bodybuilding for 4-6 weeks 所有好處2-8個月全部消失 All benefits disappeared within 2-8 months 生涯運動健康的管理
  42. 提昇健康體適能 promote physical fitness 規律運動可以使人在身體、情感、理智、社會、精神、環境有和諧的發展 運動可以感受生命的美好 使心靈不斷的湧現靈感與思想,創造更豐富的生命力 清晰掌握人生的價值與意義 Regular exercise leads to harmonious developments within body, emotion, intellect, society, spirit and environment. Exercise leads to goodness of life. Leading to inspiration, creating a richer vitality. Clearly grasp the value and meaning of life. 生涯運動健康的管理
  43. 小 結 summary 運動的重要(生活環境日益惡化) Importance of exercise 運動的益處 Benefits of exercise 健康體適能的觀念 Concepts of physical fitness 運動處方 Exercise Prescription 動態化的生活 dynamic life 減重、戒菸、塑身…自我控制不易 持恆實施成為習慣、態度 Make continuity a habit and attitude 生涯規劃(透過全人健康思維) Life planning
  44. 運動~天賦良藥 --Exercise, Nature’s Medicine 運動習慣、減重沒有捷徑 ~ 正確的觀念就是捷徑 ~ 正確的方法就是捷徑 There’s no shortcut for exercise habits and losing weight. Correct concepts are the shortcuts. Correct methods are the shortcuts. 生涯運動健康的管理
  45. 投資『自我健康事業』 Invest “self-health career” 人的一生有許多有形與無形的資產,在不同的階段需作不同的投資與經營,而『健康』是永遠都嫌不夠的資產 Health is never too much. 在任何階段投資『自我健康事業』均是穩賺不賠的,尤其在年輕時就開始重視健康資產是最經濟有效的策略 Value health since young is the most cost-effective strategy. 掌握青春,儲備『健康資產』 Master youth. 促進健康體能,就是現在! Promote physical fitness NOW! 生涯運動健康的管理
  46. It needs continuously learning and growth to manage exercise health of life. 祝 入學愉快、身心健康、學業進步 成功大學 教務處 體育室 生涯運動健康的管理 是需要不斷的學習與成長
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