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Chapter 11 Facility Location

Chapter 11 Facility Location. Issues in Facility Location Various Plant Location Methods. Competitive Imperatives Impacting Location. The need to produce close to the customer due to time-based competition, trade agreements, and shipping costs.

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Chapter 11 Facility Location

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  1. Chapter 11Facility Location • Issues in Facility Location • Various Plant Location Methods

  2. Competitive Imperatives Impacting Location • The need to produceclose to the customer due to time-based competition, trade agreements, and shipping costs. • The need to locatenear the appropriate labor pool to take advantage of low wage costs and/or high technical skills.

  3. Issues in Facility Location • Proximity to Customers • Business Climate • Total Costs • Infrastructure • Quality of Labor • Suppliers • Other Facilities

  4. Issues in Facility Location • Free Trade Zones • Political Risk • Government Barriers • Trading Blocs • Environmental Regulation • Host Community • Competitive Advantage

  5. Characteristics of Location Decisions • Long-term decisions • Very difficult to reverse • Affect fixed & variable costs • Transportation cost • As much as 25% of product price • Other costs: Taxes, wages, rent etc. • Objective: Maximize benefit of location to firm

  6. Location Decision Sequence 2. Region/Community 1. Country 3. Site © 1995 Corel Corp. © 1995 Corel Corp. © 1995 Corel Corp.

  7. Factors Affecting Country Decision • Government • Culture & economy • Market location & size • Labor • Productivity • Cost • Skills • Infrastructure • Exchange rate • Incentives © 1995 Corel Corp.

  8. Factors Affecting Region/Community Decision • Corporate desires • Attractiveness • Labor • Utility costs • Local government incentives • Proximity to customers & suppliers • Land/construction $$$ © 1995 Corel Corp.

  9. Factors Affecting Site Decision • Site size • Site cost • Transportation in/out • Proximity of services • Environmental impact © 1995 Corel Corp.

  10. Manufacturing Location Strategies • Cost focus • Revenue varies little between locations • Location is a major cost factor • Affects shipping & production costs (e.g., labor) • Costs vary greatly between locations © 1995 Corel Corp.

  11. Service Location Strategies • Revenue focus • Costs differences among locations are relatively less important • Location is a major revenue factor • Affects amount of customer contact • Affects volume of business © 1995 Corel Corp.

  12. Some Location Methods • Factor weighting method • Center of gravity method © 1995 Corel Corp.

  13. Location Methods:Factor Rating Method • Most widely used location technique • Useful for service & manufacturing locations • Rates locations using factors • Qualitative (intangible) factors • Example: Education quality, labor skills • Quantitative (tangible) factors • Example: Short-run & long-run costs

  14. Weighted Factor Rating Method Steps 1. List relevant factors 2. Assign importance weight to each factor (0-1 with all weights adding to 1) 3. Give a score to each location by factor (1-10, etc.) 4. Multiply scores by weights for each factor & total 5. Select location with maximum total score

  15. Factor Rating Method Example You’re an analyst for John Deere. You’re considering locating a new plant in Omaha (NE) or Denver (CO). Factor Wgt NE COMfg. costs .7 8 6Cost of living .1 7 6 Labor avail. .2 10 8 Where should you locate? © 1995 Corel Corp.

  16. Omaha is best Factor Rating Method Solution

  17. Factor Rating Method Thinking Challenge You’re owner of a hot tub store. You’re considering relocating to Phoenix (AZ) or Santa Fe (NM). Factor Wgt AZ NMPopulation .4 10 5Competition .1 3 8 Life style .5 2 9 Where should you locate? © 1995 Corel Corp.

  18. Santa Fe is Best Solution TOTAL

  19. Location Methods:Factor Rating Method +/- + Easy to understand and compute - How do you pick weights? - How do you assign rankings?

  20. Location Methods:Transportation Method of Linear Programming • Seeks to minimize costs of shipping n units to m destinations or its seeks to maximize profit of shipping n units to m destinations. + eliminates subjectivity - may give unrealistic answer

  21. Location Methods:Centroid Method • The centroid is used for locating single facilities that considers: • existing facilities, • the distances between them, and • the volumes of goods to be shipped between them. • This methodology involves formulas used to compute the coordinates of the two-dimensional point that meets the distance and volume criteria stated above.

  22. Plant Location Methodology: Centroid Method Formulas Cx = X coordinate of the centroid Cy = X coordinate of the centroid dix = X coordinate of the ith location diy = Y coordinate of the ith location Vi = volume of goods moved to or from ith location

  23. Y Q (790,900) D (250,580) A (100,200) (0,0) X Plant Location Methodology: Example of Centroid Method • Centroid method example • Several automobile showrooms are located according to the following grid which represents coordinate locations for each showroom. Question: What is the best location for a new Z-Mobile warehouse/temporary storage facility considering only distances and quantities sold per month?

  24. Y Q (790,900) D (250,580) A (100,200) (0,0) X Plant Location Methodology: Example of Centroid Method: Determining the Coordinates of the New Facility You then compute the new coordinates using the formulas: New location Z

  25. Thinking Challenge You’re a planner for Sears. You want to find the best location of a warehouse serving retail stores in: Seattle (50, 60) Aberdeen (20, 35) Spokane (160, 50) Monthly demand is: Seattle 494k units Aberdeen 18k units Spokane 171k units respectively. © 1995 Corel Corp.

  26. Centroid Method Grid Seattle(50,60)494k units 90 60 Spokane (160,50)171k units 30 Aberdeen (20,35)18k units 0 © 1995 Corel Corp. 0 30 60 90 120 150

  27. Solution

  28. Thinking Challenge Solution Warehouse at (77, 57): Wenatchee Nat’l Forest! Seattle(50,60)494k units 90 60 X Spokane (160,50)171k units 30 Aberdeen (20,35)18k units 0 © 1995 Corel Corp. 0 30 60 90 120 150

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