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HIGHFIELD HISTORY GCSE WORKBOOK RUSSIA DEPTH STUDY: Russia in Revolution 1917-1924 BIG Question:

HIGHFIELD HISTORY GCSE WORKBOOK RUSSIA DEPTH STUDY: Russia in Revolution 1917-1924 BIG Question: How did the Bolsheviks manage to maintain control of Russia? (GRADE C Booklet) “Revolutions are always verbose.” Leon Trotsky (1879-1940). April to October 1917.

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HIGHFIELD HISTORY GCSE WORKBOOK RUSSIA DEPTH STUDY: Russia in Revolution 1917-1924 BIG Question:

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  1. HIGHFIELD HISTORY • GCSE WORKBOOK • RUSSIA DEPTH STUDY: • Russia in Revolution 1917-1924 • BIG Question: • How did the Bolsheviks manage to maintain control of Russia? • (GRADE C Booklet) • “Revolutions are always verbose.” • Leon Trotsky (1879-1940)

  2. RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 OUTLINE OF LEARNING

  3. RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924 GLOSSARY

  4. April to October 1917 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  5. LO To recall the April Thesis Explain the reasons for the collapse of the Provisional Government RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  6. April to October 1917 General Peter Wrangel went to St. Petersburg after the February Revolution and the creation of the Provisional Government. The first thing I noticed in Petersburg was lots of red ribbon. Everyone was wearing them - soldiers, students, chauffeurs, cab-drivers, middle-class folk, women, children, and many officers. Men of some wealth and power as well, including old generals and former aides to the Tsar, wore it too. I expressed my astonishment to an old comrade of mine at seeing him also wearing one. He tried to laugh it off, and said jokingly: "Why, my dear fellow, don't you know that it's the latest fashion?” I considered this ridiculous ribbon absolutely useless. Throughout my stay in the capital I wore the Tsarevich's badge, the distinguishing mark of my old regiment, on my epaulettes, and, of course, I wore no red rag. Soon after the February Revolution the journalist Harold Williams interviewed Alexander Kerensky. Last week's ridiculous April Thesis, issued in the name of the Council of Workmen's Deputies (the Soviet), calling on the soldiers not to obey their officers, Kerensky (leader of the Provisional Government) sharply characterized as an act of provocation. There had been a few instances of grave disturbance of discipline, but the Minister was confident that this phase would soon pass. He declared: "The general effect of the freedom will, I am convinced, be to give an immense boost to morale in the army, and so to shorten the war.” After meeting George Lvov, the British diplomat, George Buchanan, sent a report on their discussions to the Foreign Office (8th April, 1917) Lvov (in the Provisional Government) does not favour the idea of taking strong measures at present, either against the Soviet or the Bolsheviks. I told him that the Provisional Government would never be in charge of the situation as long as they allowed themselves to be told what to do by the Soviet, he said that the Soviet would die a natural death, and the army will then carry on fighting in the war against Germany< even better than they did under the Tsar. Edward T. Heald, letter to his wife (2nd May, 1917) The sudden burst of Bolshevik propaganda, which has developed during the past week, is made by Lenin who has just arrived from Switzerland. He came through Germany, and rumour is that he was looked after by Emperor Wilhelm (the German leader). As he entered the country through Finland, he assaulted the soldiers and workingmen along the way with the most revolutionary propaganda. One of the Americans who came through on the same train told us how disheartening it was. God knows what a task the Provisional Government has on hand without adding the trouble that Lenin can create. RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  7. LO To recall the April Thesis Explain the reasons for the collapse of the Provisional Government Albert Rhys Williams described the arrival of troops to put down the Bolshevik uprising in July, 1917, in his book, Through the Russian Revolution. On the third day the troops arrive. Bicycle battalions, the reserve regiments, and then the long grim lines of horsemen, the sun glancing on the tips of their lances. They are the Cossacks, ancient foes of the revolutionists, bring dread to the workers and the joy to the middle class. The avenues are filled now with middle-class crowds cheering the Cossacks, crying "Shoot the rabble". "String up the Bolsheviks". A wave of reaction runs through the city. The Bolshevik papers are closed down. Fake documents saying that the Bolsheviks are German agents are handled to the journalists. Leaders like Trotsky are thrown into prison. Lenin is forced to flee, everywhere there are assaults and murder of working class men. During the summer of 1917 George Buchanan became concerned about the survival of the Provisional Government. Ministers of the Provisional Government are working themselves to death, and have the best intentions; but, though I am always being told that their position is becoming stronger, I see no signs of their asserting their authority. The Soviet continues to act as if it were the Government. The military outlook is most discouraging. Nor do I take an optimistic view of the immediate future of the country. Harold Williams, Daily Chronicle (29th September, 1917) The Kornilov Affair has intensified mutual distrust and completed the work of destruction. The Government is shadowy and unreal. The power now lies in the hands of the Soviets, and therefore the influence of the Bolsheviks has increased enormously. Kerensky has returned from Headquarters, but his prestige has declined, and he is not actively supported either by the right or by the left. Arthur Ransome was in Russia during the October Revolution. Before the end of August it was obvious that there would be a Bolshevik majority in the Soviets. During the 'July Days' the weakness of the Government had been obvious. Kerensky had been weakened by the double failure, military and diplomatic and defeats in the War. Both these failures had brought new strength to the Bolsheviks, and a swing to the left wing was inevitable. TOP TIP for a C Grade – All of the sources are in order of when they happened. Can you work out who likes and who dislikes the Provisional Government? RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  8. HOMEWORK Source B: Russia’s losses in numbers. This was what Russia had to hand over to Germany under the terms of the treaty: • 34% of its population • 32% of its agricultural (farming) land • 54% of its industry (manufacturing) • 26% of its railways • 89% of its coalmines • A fine of 300 million gold roubles Source C: The diary entry of a German army officer named Herbert Sulzbach from the 3rd March 1918. ‘The final peace treaty has been signed with Russia. Our conditions are hard and severe, but our quite exceptional victories entitle us to demand these...there is still some justice left. [in the world].’ Source A: A map of Russia. The shaded area shows the amount of land they were forced to hand over to Germany. RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  9. Activity: Imagine your are a Russian politician at the signing of the Brest– Litovsk Treaty. Write your own diary entry for the 3rd March 1918. In it include • The key terms of the Treaty • How you would feel about it (Upset? Angry?) RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  10. The Bolshevik Revolution LO Describe the events of October 1917 Explain why the Bolsheviks exaggerated the storming of the Winter Palace RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  11. The Russian Civil War RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  12. LO Explain why there were divisions in Russia after the Revolution Explain the purpose of a political cartoon • What is the message of this cartoon? What inferences can you make about the cartoon? What can you see in the cartoon? A cartoon published in 1919. The figures at the back represent foreign governments (The USA, France and Britain) and the dogs represent the White Russian generals. RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  13. HOMEWORK • What is the message of this cartoon? What inferences can you make about the cartoon? What can you see in the cartoon? RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  14. RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  15. War Communism LO Explain why War Communism was used Judge the success of War Communism RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  16. The Role of Trotsky RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  17. LO Describe Trotsky’s Civil War career Judge the reliability of a written source RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  18. The end of the Romanovs LO Recall the events surrounding the deaths of the Romanov family Explain why the Romanovs were assassinated Who died? Where What happened? Who killed? RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  19. The NEP (New Economic Plan) LO Describe the NEP Compare the NEP with Communism RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  20. The death of Lenin RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  21. LO Evaluate the impact of Lenin’s death on Communism Explain what Lenin had wanted for the future of the USSR HOPES FEARS RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  22. EXTENSION TASK Does the source fully explain why the Provisional Government failed? KEY WORD: MUTINY - when a soldier fights against his own leaders • What other reasons are there to explain why the Provisional Government failed? • TOP TIP – ANY QUESTION ABOUT THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT – ALWAYS THINK PEACE, BREAK AND LAND (THE APRIL THESIS) – WHICH OF THESE DOES THIS SOURCE RELATE TO, WHICH ONES DOES IT NOT RELATE TO? What own knowledge can you add to this statement? Highlight the text that helps to answer the question What does this suggest about how soldiers feel about the war? RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

  23. RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION 1917-1924

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