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MUGLA UNIVERSITY

MUGLA UNIVERSITY. KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY AND HIGHER EDUCATION Şener Oktik Rector MUGLA UNIVERSITY 480000 MUGLA TURKEY oktik@mu.edu.tr. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK. MUGLA UNIVERSITY.

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MUGLA UNIVERSITY

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  1. MUGLA UNIVERSITY KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY AND HIGHER EDUCATION Şener Oktik Rector MUGLA UNIVERSITY 480000 MUGLA TURKEY oktik@mu.edu.tr 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  2. MUGLA UNIVERSITY the 1995 Green Paper on Innovation This process culminated in the strategic goal set bythe Lisbon European Council in March 2000, that Innovation is atthe heart of the EU economic policy objectives. “the European Union (EU) should become themost competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainingeconomic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion by the year 2010” 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  3. MUGLA UNIVERSITY • “Knowledge Economy” • There is no commonly accepted definition!! • Generally four essential and correlated points for“knowledge economy” are given*; • 1- knowledge is becoming increasinly important input of all processes. • 2- the trade volumes of knowledge based products are growing. • 3- reliance on codified knowledge is becoming a competitive base for organizations. • 4- knowledge economy is becoming highly dependent on technological changes in ICT • *K. Smith, "What is the 'Knowledge Economy'? Knowledge Intensity and Distributed Knowedge Bases", Discussion Paper Series, The United Nations University, 2002, p.8 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  4. MUGLA UNIVERSITY The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy 1-Education & TrainingCreating a society of skilled, flexible and creative people, with opportunities forquality education and life-long learning available to all, and a flexible andappropriate mix of public and private funding An educated and skilled population ; to create, share and use knowledge. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  5. MUGLA UNIVERSITY The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy 2-Information InfrastructureIn order to fostera variety of efficient andcompetitive information and communications services together with tools available to allsectors of society; a dynamic information infrastructure acompetitive and innovative information sector of the economy, KEFV on “Innovation and Technology Absorption for Growth”, Prague, Czech Republic on March 28-30, 2006. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  6. MUGLA UNIVERSITY The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy 2-Information Infrastructurecont.. "high-end" information andcommunication technologies (ICTs) the Internet and mobile telephony … other elements of an information-rich society; radio, televisionand other media, computers and other devices for storing, processing and usinginformation, and a range of communication services …. KEFV on “Innovation and Technology Absorption for Growth”, Prague, Czech Republic on March 28-30, 2006. A dynamic information infrastructure; to facilitate the effective communication, dissemination and processing of information. To create new knowledge. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  7. MUGLA UNIVERSITY The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy 3-Economic Incentive & Institutional RegimeCreating an appropriate economic incentive and institutional regime thatencourages the widespread and efficient use of local and global knowledge in allsectors of the economy, that fosters entrepreneurship, and that permits andsupports the economic and social transformations by the knowledgerevolution. KEFV on “Innovation and Technology Absorption for Growth”, Prague, Czech Republic on March 28-30, 2006. A regulatory and economic environment ; for free flow of knowledge, to supportinvestment in ICT to encourageentrepreneurship 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  8. MUGLA UNIVERSITY The Four Pillars of The Knowledge Economy 4-Innovation Systems Creating an efficient innovation system comprising firms, science and researchcenters, universities, think tanks and other organizations that can tap into andcontribute to the growing stock of global knowledge, adapt it to local needs, anduse it to create new products, services, and ways of doing business. KEFV on “Innovation and Technology Absorption for Growth”, Prague, Czech Republic on March 28-30, 2006. A network of research centers, universities, think tanks, private enterprises and community groups ; to tap into the growing stock of global knowledge, assimilate and adapt it to local needs to create new knowledge 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  9. MUGLA UNIVERSITY • The terms; • “Innovation“ and “Knowledge Economy“ • somewhat ambiguous !!! • the definition proposed by the OECD,in its "Frascati Manual", • Knowledge has always been the main contributor of innovation. • The economics of innovation has focused on • Learning, • technology • research. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  10. MUGLA UNIVERSITY • “Building Knowledge Economies” • the transformation of an ideas into: • marketableproducts or services, • a new or improved manufacturing or distribution process, • or a new method of social service 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  11. MUGLA UNIVERSITY Designing and implementing a coherent and sustained response to these challenges, the higher education in every activityought to aim: global competition and global market, Thus the entire higher education system are facing totally new tasks to be able tobe competitive and successful in the changingworld 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  12. MUGLA UNIVERSITY Universities need very simple law defining the frame work! This would allowa good amount of autonomy For the countries sucessful in this The old academic disciplines are breaking down, and new ones created, often around some common major problems in the society or in the industry. The overall environment of the HEI’s is becoming even more dynamic. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  13. MUGLA UNIVERSITY • To be able to compete globally, • the universities now need • , • , • To built strong; • Scientist-to-Scientist Partnerships • Scientist-to-Business Partnerships • Entrepreneurship Training • Infrastructure Support • Institution Building • grants and project services more autonomy Academically, financially and in administration 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  14. MUGLA UNIVERSITY In countries all over the world universities are undergoing a process of restructuring, partly in response to the new degree structure following the Bologna process, but also to be able to meet better the new external demands, e.g. concerning multidisciplinarity in both teaching and research. The new situation is also a serious challenge for the leadership and management of the universities, towards promoting a long-term strategy, strengthening societal interactions, especially with industry, enhancing technology transfer, and promoting internationalisation, etc. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  15. MUGLA UNIVERSITY • However, • Developing countries • and countries in transition • (the EU accession countries) suffer from: • limited resources, • weak institutional capacity, • centrally-controlledeconomic development. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  16. MUGLA UNIVERSITY • Ifthe opportunities created by • the emergence of a global knowledgeeconomy • are not responded correctly and in time • the gap likely to increase between countries • putting new chalenges on the top of the priority list • and • ignoring the chalenges of “the new brave world” 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  17. MUGLA UNIVERSITY 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  18. MUGLA UNIVERSITY A recipefor a knowledge based and innovation driven economy? Higher Education + R&D 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  19. MUGLA UNIVERSITY Core Elements in the building of knowledge based innovation society are Higher Education Institutes (new requirements for their strategies, functions and even structures) key players in national innovation policies are firms and companies . 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  20. MUGLA UNIVERSITY The focus must be increased on learning, knowledge, research and development, together with promoting cooperation between the goverments, universities and industry. A business climate that provides incentives for entrepreneurship, risk-taking and investments is critical Countries must embrace globalization, develop capable and independent institutions and promote local development. Sub-national regions also need to develop and implement knowledge economy strategies and institutions . Efforts must go to practical implementation, not to master plans. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  21. Technological Services Technology Transfer Innovation Support Basic R&D in Cooperation Industrial R&D Applied R&D Universities Identification and development of specific technologies, linked to future business oportunities Firms MUGLA UNIVERSITY “Getting together business needs and scientific-technological knowledge generation” Bruno Broseta , PhD “Technology Absorption”Inovation and Technology Absorption for Growth Knowledge Economy Forum VPrague, March 28-30, 2006.

  22. MUGLA UNIVERSITY Ireland has become in the last two decades one of the most dynamic knowledge-basedeconomies in Europe. Its GDP per capita has risen in 15 years from less than 60% of the EU average toslightly better than the EU average in 2002, overtaking its neighbor the United Kingdom. Its real growthrate has averaged 6.5% over the past decade, during which it created 4 times as many net jobs as theUK. It has become a high-technology powerhouse within Europe, and the largest exporter of software inthe region. There is broad consensus that two factors in particular fueled Irish growth: educationand foreign direct investment, the former being a precondition for the latter. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  23. MUGLA UNIVERSITY • Beginning in the 60s and increasingly in the70s, • successive Irish governments made a major commitment to • expanding educationalopportunities, • by extending free secondary education to all • byan increased effort to upgrade tertiary and technical education. • The Irish placed particular emphasis onexpanding and improving their network of Regional Technical Colleges, • This sustained but well-targeted investment in education lay the groundwork for, foreign direct investment by technology companies, 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  24. MUGLA UNIVERSITY Building the Human Capital of the Knowledge Economy: It is well recognized that: the urgent need to reform their education systems and enable life-long learning. But implementation ofthese reforms is still uneven. Priorities include: • Decentralizing initiative, responsibility and accountability for education at all levels, and creating opportunities and incentives for private sector investment and innovation in education; • Focusing government intervention on key issues of quality, relevance, impact, and access for all, rather than micromanaging curricula, organizational design, and administration of educational institutions; • Flexibly integrating formal, vocational, adult and distance education and training to provide a greater range of opportunities for life-long learning, and creating policy and regulatory frameworks, including certification schemes, that make lifelong learning opportunities attractive and easy for individuals to pursue. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  25. Up-to-date Content International Linkages Excellent Staff Graduates Industry, Policy Makers & Community Good Students  State-of-the-Art Facilities Feedback and Quality Control Model for Academic Excellence p.11

  26. MUGLA UNIVERSITY The innovation policy of Turkey is largely coherent with the objectives set in the 2000 European Commission Communication on Innovation The essential policy document focusing on Turkish innovation policy (the Science and Technology Policy of Turkey, 1997) covers immediate arrangements and preparations for establishment of the National Innovation System. The main objective of the innovation policy is to establish a national innovation system with all elements as a network. On-going and systematic monitoring and evaluation activity for major Government funded innovation support schemes started in 1999. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  27. MUGLA UNIVERSITY As a part of this support schemes, the Technological Development Zones (TDZ) Law was enacted in 2000. The law, discussed in Section-II, promotes the establishment of science and technology parks under the guidance and lead of universities. Since year 2000, twelve TDZ have been established in four cities of Turkey, becoming a significant player of Turkish innovation and research policy. With this framework, TDZ mainly influence the supply side of knowledge economy. Most of the companies operate in TDZ are dealing with ICT products and services. Almost ninety percent of these companies are high technology based SMEs. Their interactions with universities yield knowledge based new activities from the changes of curriculums to patents and different ways of university-industry and interindustry collaborations. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  28. MUGLA UNIVERSITY Public Funded RTDI Support Programs Technoparks : Technology Development Zones Law passed in 2001 Tax exemptions for R&D activities, VAT exemption for services and products created in the zones, Laxed regulations on academic staff participating commercial private activity. 22 approved, 10 operational with 349 firms. Around 5,000 R&D FTE staff employed. TEKMER Incubator Program : Government owned and operated incubator program 13 TEKMERs, 14 DTIs operational with 149 current tenants. TEKMERs graduated 197 firms so far. USAM – University Industry Joint Research Centers : TÜBİTAK funded private operated centers for shared contract research using the university research capacity. Project Supports to Private Companies : TÜBİTAK –Grants to industrial research projects TTGV - Matching fund soft-loans to technology development projects Finance for R&D investments : Capitalinvestments credit at market rates. Other indirect supports (such as R&D tax discounts etc.) : Tax deduction for up to 40% of annual R&D costs. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  29. MUGLA UNIVERSITY The universitiesin Turkey recognize a need to move from pure basic reserach toward the applied research and technology development leading to innovation. In collaboration with the companies and researchers the TurkishUniversities is adapting educational system with regard to knowledge economy environment. Curriculums are being modified in accordance with the requirements of the companies. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  30. MUGLA UNIVERSITY • In 2004 Supreme Council for Science and Technology (BTYK) adopted national R&D targets for 2010 • Total R&D expenses to reach 2% of the GDP (current level is 0,67%) • Half to be provided by the private sector (current level is 30%) • FTE R&D staff to reach 40,000 (Currently estimated to be ~30,000) • Extra budget allocation had started in 2005, to be increased annually. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  31. MUGLA UNIVERSITY 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  32. MUGLA UNIVERSITY A lot to say yet but… In summary Universities have new sets of tasks those differ from their traditional tasks. They are becoming more and more accountable to the society and to the people they serve. A closer link is needed to the demand of the labour market. The spectrum of activities the universities are engaged has widened, outside the traditional teaching and research. There is more pressure towards a applied research-based university in contrast to the mostly teaching institutions in the past. 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  33. MUGLA UNIVERSITY THANK YOU… 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  34. MUGLA UNIVERSITY 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  35. MUGLA UNIVERSITY 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  36. MUGLA UNIVERSITY 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  37. MUGLA UNIVERSITY 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  38. MUGLA UNIVERSITY 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  39. MUGLA UNIVERSITY 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

  40. MUGLA UNIVERSITY 1st INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON STRATEGİC TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 22-24 JUNE 2006, SDU-ISPARTA SENER OKTİK

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