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Boundless Lecture Slides

Boundless Lecture Slides. Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com. Using Boundless Presentations. Boundless Teaching Platform

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Boundless Lecture Slides

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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. Byzantium: The New Rome The Byzantine Empire The Heraclian and Isaurian Dynasties The Late Byzantine Empire ] The Byzantine Empire Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. The Byzantine Empire > Byzantium: The New Rome Byzantium: The New Rome • Naming of the Byzantine Empire • The Eastern Roman Empire, Constantine the Great, and Byzantium • Justinian and Theodora • The Justinian Code Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-byzantine-empire-6/byzantium-the-new-rome-35/

  6. The Byzantine Empire > The Heraclian and Isaurian Dynasties The Heraclian and Isaurian Dynasties • Emperor Heracluis • The Theme System • The Isaurian Dynasty • Iconoclasm in Byzantium • The Emperor Irene Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-byzantine-empire-6/the-heraclian-and-isaurian-dynasties-36/

  7. The Byzantine Empire > The Late Byzantine Empire The Late Byzantine Empire • The Macedonian Dynasty • The Great Schism of 1054 • The Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars • The Double Disasters • Crisis and Fragmentation • The Last Byzantine Dynasty • The Fall of Constantinople • Byzantium's Legacy Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/the-byzantine-empire-6/the-late-byzantine-empire-37/

  8. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  9. The Byzantine Empire Key terms • Battle of ManzikertA major battle between the Byzantines and the Turks that ended in a Byzantine defeat and ushered in the decline of the Byzantine Empire. • BulgarianA South Slavic ethnic group who are native to Bulgaria and neighbouring regions. • BulgarsA nomadic tribe related to the Huns; they presented a threat to the Byzantine Empire. • Byzantine RenaissanceThe time during the Macedonian Dynasty when art, literature, science, and philosophy flourished. • CaliphateIslamic state led by a supreme religious and political leader, known as a caliph (i.e., "successor") to Muhammad and the other prophets of Islam. • ChristianityAn Abrahamic religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and various scholars who wrote the Christian Bible. It was legalized in the Byzantine Empire by Constantine the Great, and the religion became a major element of Byzantine culture. • ConstantinopleFormerly Byzantium, the capital of the Byzantine Empire as established by its first emperor, Constantine the Great. (Today the city is known as Istanbul.) • Corpus juris civilisThe modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor. • cosmopolitanA city/place or person that embraces multicultural demographics. • Council of HieriaThe first church council concerned with religious imagery. On behalf of the church, the council endorsed an iconoclast position and declared image worship to be blasphemy. • East-West SchismThe formal institutional separation in 1054 CE between the Eastern Church of the Byzantine Empire (into the Orthodox Church, now called the Eastern Orthodox Church) and the Western Church of the Holy Roman Empire (into the Catholic Church, now called the Roman Catholic Church). • First CrusadeThe 1095 CE campaign begun by the pope in the Holy Roman Empire to win back Jerusalem from the Muslims. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  10. The Byzantine Empire • Germanic barbariansAn uncivilized or uncultured person, originally compared to the hellenistic Greco-Roman civilization; often associated with fighting or other such shows of strength. • Greek fireA military weapon invented during the Byzantine Heraclian Dynasty; flaming projectiles that could burn while floating on water, and thus could be used for naval warfare. • Hagia SophiaA church built by Byzantine Emperor Justinian; the center of Christianity in Constantinople and one of the greatest buildings in the world to this day. It is now a mosque in the Muslim Istanbul. • IconoclasmThe destruction or prohibition of religious icons and other images or monuments for religious or political motives. • iconoclasmThe deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture's own religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually for religious or political motives. It is a frequent component of major political or religious changes. • iconoclasmThe deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture's own religious icons and other symbols or monuments. • IconoclasmThe destruction of religious icons, and other images or monuments, for religious or political motives. • Justinian IA Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, he sought to revive the empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the historical Roman Empire; he also enacted important legal codes. • lingua francaA language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect. • lingua francaA common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another; often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar. • Mehmed IIAn Ottoman sultan who, at the age of 21, conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Eastern Roman Empire. • MonothelitismThe view that Jesus Christ has two natures but only one will, a doctrine developed during Heraclius' rule to bring unity to the Church. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  11. The Byzantine Empire • MuhammadThe central figure of Islam, widely regarded as its founder. • Nicaean EmpireThe largest of the three Byzantine Greek successor states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled after Constantinople was occupied by western European and Venetian forces during the Fourth Crusade. • Nika riotsWhen angry racing fans, already angry over rising taxes, became enraged at Emperor Justinian for arresting two popular charioteers, and tried to depose him in 532 CE. • NormansThe people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France. They were descended from Norse raiders and pirates from Denmark, Iceland, and Norway who, under their leader Rollo, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia. • Ottoman EmpireA large empire that began as a Turkish sultanate centered on modern Turkey; founded in the late 13th century, it lasted until the end of World War I. This empire also defeated Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire in 1453 CE. • Palaiologan RenaissanceThe short but vibrant period when emperors attempted to restore Constantinople from destruction and encouraged art, philosophy, and education. The attempt at restoring this cultural foundation occurred during the Byzantine Empire's longest-lived dynasty in Byzantine history. Migration of Byzantine scholars at the end of this period helped to spark the Renaissance in Italy. • regentA person appointed to administer a state because the monarch is a minor, is absent, or is incapacitated. • Second Council of NicaeaThis council reversed the decrees of the Council of Hieria and restored image worship, marking the end of the First Byzantine Iconoclasm. • strategosA military governor in the Byzantine Empire. • theme systemA new military system created during the Heraclian Dynasty of the Byzantine Empire, in which land was granted to farmers who, in return, would provide the empire with loyal soldiers. Similar to the feudal system of medieval western Europe. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  12. The Byzantine Empire The East-West Schism The religious distribution after the East-West Schism between the churches of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire in 1054 CE. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Great Schism 1054 with former borders."Public domainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Schism_1054_with_former_borders.pngView on Boundless.com

  13. The Byzantine Empire The Fourth Crusade An oil painting by Eugène Delacroix depicting the arrival of the Fourth Crusade in Constantinople in 1204 CE. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Eugène Ferdinand Victor Delacroix 012."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_012.jpgView on Boundless.com

  14. The Byzantine Empire The First Crusade The capture of Jerusalem in 1099 CE marked the success of western Europe's First Crusade against the Muslims. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."1099 Jerusalem."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1099jerusalem.jpgView on Boundless.com

  15. The Byzantine Empire The Walls of Constantinople Sometimes known as "The Great Wall of Europe," the walls of Constantinople stood strong for centuries. Yet in 1453, they fell to the Ottoman Turks. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."The Walls of Constantinople."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Walls_of_Constantinople.JPGView on Boundless.com

  16. The Byzantine Empire The Rise of the Ottoman Empire The borders of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires in the eastern Mediterranean just before the fall of Constantinople in 1453 CE. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Eastern Mediterranean 1450."CC BY-SA 2.5https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eastern_Mediterranean_1450.svgView on Boundless.com

  17. The Byzantine Empire Modern-Day Eastern Orthodoxy Distribution of Eastern Orthodox Christians in the world by country, as of 2012. Darker blues indicate main religion (over 50%). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Eastern Orthodoxy by country."CC0 1.0 Universalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eastern_Orthodoxy_by_country.pngView on Boundless.com

  18. The Byzantine Empire Map of Constantinople A map of Constantinople, the capital and founding city of the Byzantine Empire, drawn in 1422 CE by Florentine cartographer Cristoforo Buondelmonti. This is the oldest surviving map of the city and the only one that predates the Turkish conquest of the city in 1453 CE. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Map of Constantinople (1422) by Florentine cartographer Cristoforo Buondelmonte."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Constantinople_(1422)_by_Florentine_cartographer_Cristoforo_Buondelmonte.jpgView on Boundless.com

  19. The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire under Justinian The Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent, in 555 CE under Justinian the Great. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Justinian 555 AD."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Justinian555AD.pngView on Boundless.com

  20. The Byzantine Empire The Hagia Sophia Byzantine Emperor Justinian built the Greek Orthodox Church of the Holy Wisdom of God, the Hagia Sophia, which was completed in only four and a half years (532 CE-537 CE). Even now, it is universally acknowledged as one of the greatest buildings in the world. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Aya Sofya."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aya_sofya.jpgView on Boundless.com

  21. The Byzantine Empire The Theme System Map depicting the locations of the themes established during the Heraclian Dynasty of the Byzantine Empire. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Byzantine Empire Themata."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Byzantine_Empire_Themata-750-en.svgView on Boundless.com

  22. The Byzantine Empire Constantine the Great Byzantine Emperor Constantine the Great presents a representation of the city of Constantinople as tribute to an enthroned Mary and Christ Child in this church mosaic. St Sophia, c. 1000 CE. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Constantine I Hagia Sophia."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constantine_I_Hagia_Sophia.jpgView on Boundless.com

  23. The Byzantine Empire Emperor Justinian Byzantine Emperor Justinian I depicted on one of the famous mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Justinian."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Justinian.jpgView on Boundless.com

  24. The Byzantine Empire Justinian Digesta A later copy of Justinian's Digesta: Digestorum, seu Pandectarum libri quinquaginta. Lugduni apud Gulielmum Rouillium, 1581. From Biblioteca Comunale "Renato Fucini" di Empoli. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Digesto_02.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Digesto_02.jpgView on Boundless.com

  25. The Byzantine Empire Emperor Heraclius A plaque depicting Byzantine Emperor Heraclius overcoming Persian King Khosrau II, c. 1160-1170 CE. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Cherub plaque Louvre."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cherub_plaque_Louvre_MRR245_n2.jpgView on Boundless.com

  26. The Byzantine Empire Emperor Basil I A depiction of Byzantine Emperor Basil I, of the Macedonian Dynasty, on horseback. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Basil I (867-886) from the Chronikon of Ioannis Skylitzes."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basil_I_(867-886)_from_the_Chronikon_of_Ioannis_Skylitzes.jpgView on Boundless.com

  27. The Byzantine Empire Byzantine Iconoclasm A depiction of the destruction of a religious image under the Byzantine Iconoclasm, by Chludov Psalter, 9th century CE. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Clasm Chludov detail 9th century."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clasm_Chludov_detail_9th_century.jpgView on Boundless.com

  28. The Byzantine Empire Greek Fire Image from an illuminated manuscript (the Skylitzes manuscript) showing the Byzantine Navy's use of Greek fire against the fleet of the rebel Thomas the Slav, c. 12th century CE. The caption above the left ship reads "the fleet of the Romans setting ablaze the fleet of the enemies." Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Greekfire Madridskylitzes1."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Greekfire-madridskylitzes1.jpgView on Boundless.com

  29. The Byzantine Empire Byzantine Coin A gold coin, or solidus, engraved with the emperors of the Byzantine Isaurian Dynasty, from c. 780 CE. Left: Leo IV with his son Constantine VI; Right: Leo III with his son Constantine V on the reverse. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Leo IV Constantine VI Coin."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leo_iv_constantine_vi_coin.jpgView on Boundless.com

  30. The Byzantine Empire Empress Irene Image from "Pala d'Oro," Venice, c. 10th century. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Irina_(_Pala_d'Oro).jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_of_Athens#/media/File:Irina_(_Pala_d%27Oro).jpgView on Boundless.com

  31. The Byzantine Empire Constantinople in the Byzantine era An artist-restructured photo of what the city of Constantinople looked like during the Byzantine era. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Bizansist touchup."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bizansist_touchup.jpgView on Boundless.com

  32. The Byzantine Empire Byzantine Encyclopedia A page from a 16th-century edition of the vast Byzantine encyclopedia, the Suda. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Suda."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Suda.jpgView on Boundless.com

  33. The Byzantine Empire Bulgarians Fighting the Byzantines A Byzantine painting depicting Bulgarians slaughtering Byzantines, who can be seen with halos on their head. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Bulgars.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulgars.jpgView on Boundless.com

  34. The Byzantine Empire Battle of Manzikert In this 15th-century French miniature depicting the Battle of Manzikert, the combatants are clad in contemporary western European armor. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."131_Bataille_de_Malazgirt.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:131_Bataille_de_Malazgirt.jpgView on Boundless.com

  35. The Byzantine Empire Byzantine Coin A gold Byzantine coin, called the hyperpyron (which replaced the earlier solidus), depicting the first emperor of the Byzantine Palaiologan Dynasty, Michael VIII. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Hyperpyron-Michael VIII Paleologus-sb2241."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hyperpyron-Michael_VIII_Paleologus-sb2241.jpgView on Boundless.com

  36. The Byzantine Empire Attribution • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire • Wiktionary."Christianity."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Christianity • Wiktionary."Christianity."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Christianity • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wiktionary.org."barbarian definition."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/barbarian • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire • Wiktionary."Hagia Sophia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hagia_Sophia • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Heraclian_dynasty • Wikipedia."Monothelitism."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monothelitism • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire • Wiktionary."Coup."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coup • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  37. The Byzantine Empire • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Heraclian_dynasty • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire • Wikipedia."Caliphate."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wikipedia."Iconoclasm."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconoclasm • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Isaurian_dynasty • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire • Wikipedia."Byzantine Iconoclasm."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_iconoclasm • Wiktionary."iconoclasm."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/iconoclasm • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Macedonian_dynasty • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wikipedia."East-West Schism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wikipedia."Byzantine-Bulgarian wars."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Macedonian_dynasty Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  38. The Byzantine Empire • Wikipedia."First Bulgarian Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wikipedia."History of the Byzantine Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Byzantine_Empire • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Palaiologos_dynasty#Learning_under_the_Palaiologoi • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wiktionary."Ottoman Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire • Saylor."HIST101: Ancient Civilizations of the World."CC BY 3.0https://legacy.saylor.org/hist101/Intro/ • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire • Wikipedia."Eastern Orthodox Church."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church • Wiktionary."lingua franca."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lingua_franca • Wiktionary."Lingua franca."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lingua_franca • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Justinian_dynasty • Wikipedia."Codex Justinianus."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Justinianus • Wikipedia."Justinian I."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I#Legislative_activities • Wikipedia."Byzantine Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire • Wikipedia."Corpus Juris Civilis."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis • Wikipedia."Regent."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regent • Wikipedia."History of the Byzantine Empire."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Byzantine_Empire Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  39. The Byzantine Empire • Wikipedia."Irene of Athens."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_of_Athens • Wikipedia."Battle of Manzikert."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert • Wikipedia."Byzantine–Norman wars."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/ Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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