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Fungal Basics and Antifungals

Fungal Basics and Antifungals. Slackers Facts by Mike Ori. Disclaimer. The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes.

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Fungal Basics and Antifungals

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  1. Fungal Basics and Antifungals Slackers Facts by Mike Ori

  2. Disclaimer The information represents my understanding only so errors and omissions are probably rampant. It has not been vetted or reviewed by faculty. The source is our class notes. The document can mostly be used forward and backward. I tried to mark questionable stuff with (?). If you want it to look pretty, steal some crayons and go to town. Finally… If you’re a gunner, buck up and do your own work.

  3. What are the two forms a fungus can take?

  4. Yeast Mould

  5. What is a hypha

  6. A fungal filament (Sherris)

  7. What is a mould

  8. An intertwining network of hyphae

  9. What is a yeast

  10. A smooth colony of fungi that resembles a bacterial colony. Hyphal forms are not present.

  11. What is a conidia

  12. Asexual fungal reproductive spore-like bodies

  13. What are spores

  14. Sexually produced reproductive elements.

  15. What is the characteristic of all dimorphic fungi?

  16. They change from yeast to moulds depending on the environmental conditions.

  17. What is the ploidy of the average fungi?

  18. Haploid

  19. When is a fungi diploid

  20. During the sexual state which usually occurs during times of stress.

  21. What are the common forms of asexual reproduction

  22. Budding Fragmentation Sporulation

  23. What is the imperfect state

  24. The haploid/asexual state

  25. What is the sexual/diploid state referred to as?

  26. Perfect

  27. What is an anamorph

  28. The asexual morphology

  29. What is the sexual morphology referred to as?

  30. Teleomorph

  31. Where do most medically important fungi reside

  32. The environment

  33. What fungi is part of the normal flora

  34. Candida

  35. What organic compounds are associated with fungi?

  36. High organic nitrogen

  37. Which fungi is likely to cause an allergic reaction

  38. Apergillis

  39. Why are fungi more difficult to treat then bacteria? (i.e. why are there fewer drugs)

  40. Fungi are eukaryotic and hence are more closely related to mammalian cells. This substantially increases the risk of toxicity from antifungals.

  41. What unique cellular compounds are found in fungi?

  42. Ergosterol (instead of cholesterol?) (plasma membrane) Chitin (cell wall) Glucans (cell wall) Mannoproteins (cell wall)

  43. What is the principal target for antifungals?

  44. Principally ergosterol (polyene) and its synthesis (azoles). Other unique compounds are also targeted but these are the big hitters.

  45. List the common polyeneantifungals

  46. Amphotericin B Nystatin (Oral)

  47. What is the mechanism of action of polyene antimicrobials?

  48. Interacts with ergosterol to form pores in the plasma membrane that allow electrolytes (K+) to leak from the cell.

  49. What is amphotericin’s solubility

  50. It is insoluble

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