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Chapter 7 Articulator

Page 72. Chapter 7 Articulator. 定义 Definition. 模仿人体上下颌颌颞颌关节,用来固定上下颌模型及合托,并可在一定程度上模拟下颌运动的一种仪器。 A hinged instrument, to which the maxillary and mandibular casts( 模型) are attached, and which reproduces recorded relationships of the mandible to the maxilla. .

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Chapter 7 Articulator

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  1. Page 72 Chapter 7 Articulator

  2. 定义Definition 模仿人体上下颌颌颞颌关节,用来固定上下颌模型及合托,并可在一定程度上模拟下颌运动的一种仪器。 A hinged instrument, to which the maxillary and mandibular casts(模型) are attached, and which reproduces recorded relationships of the mandible to the maxilla.

  3. 功能Functions • 固定模型 Mounting dental casts • 诊断 Diagnosis • 制定治疗计划 Treatment planning • 排牙 Arranging teeth for dentures • 制作修复体的咬合关系 Fabricating occlusal surfaces for restorations

  4. 发展简史History • 1805,Gariot • 1889~1919, 解剖学功能性 • 1920~1929,半可调节 • 1930~至今,全可调节

  5. 架的分类和用途 Sorts and applications of articulators 根据 架的髁导结构分类 According to the structure of condylar guidance Arcon (Wide-vue) 与人体结构相似 Nonarcon 操作简便 Reverse articulator 便于观察并排牙

  6. 架的分类和用途 Sorts and applications of articulators 根据模拟下颌运动的程度分类 According to the mandibular movement degree mimicking by articulator 简单 架 Simple articulator 平均值 架 Average value articulator 半可调节 架 Semi-adjustable articulator 全可调节 架 Full-adjustable articulator

  7. 简单 架 Simple articulator 特点:结构简单 功能:保持上下模型的位置及单一咬合接触,只能作开闭口运动 用途:可用于制作单冠(crown)、嵌体(inlay)

  8. 平均值 架 Average value articulator 特点:切导斜度、髁突间距为固定的平均值 功能:能一定程度上模拟下颌的前伸及侧向运动 用途:除单冠、嵌体外还可用于制作较短的固定桥(fixed bridge)

  9. 半可调节 架 Semi-adjustable articulator 特点:前伸髁导斜度及侧向髁导斜度可调;能准确转移颌位关系 功能:模拟下颌运动的程度大于平均值 架 用途:除单冠、嵌体、短固定桥外,还可用于制作长固定桥、可摘局部义齿(removable partial denture, RPD)及全口义齿(complete denture)

  10. articulator 全可调节 架 Full-adjustable articulator 特点:结构和操作均复杂,可将患者所有的有关参数转移到 架上 功能:能完全模拟下颌运动 用途:多用于全口咬合重建治疗(reconstruction of occlusion)或科研工作

  11. 架的结构Components of articulator • 上颌体 Mandibular part • 下颌体 Maxillary part • 侧柱 Lateral column • 面弓 Face bow

  12. 架的结构Components of articulator Smic74-Ⅰ型

  13. 架的结构Components of articulator Hanau H型可调节

  14. 架各部件与人体相应器官的关系Relationships between articulator and the anatomical structure of human body

  15. Articulator Human body Maxillary part Maxillary bone Mandibular part Mandibular bone Lateral column Mandibular ascend Condylar ball, condylar socket Condyle, joint fossa Condylar bar Imagined line of two condyles Outer end of Condylar bar Skin surface of the condyle Incisal guidance of incisal pin Path of lower incisal teeth Inclination of incisal guidance Inclination of incisal path Condylar guidance Condylar path Inclination of condylar guidance Inclination of condylar path Relationships

  16. Articulator Human body Open and close movement Maxillary part upwards Mandible downwards Protrusive movement Maxillary part backwards Mandible forwards Lateral movement Maxillary part move in reverse direction Mandible move in the same direction Nonarcon design Anatomy of TMJ Differences

  17. Page337 三、颌位关系记录Recording maxillomandibular relation

  18. 天然牙存在时: 上下唇轻轻接触,上唇被衬托得丰满,口列成一条横线。同时两侧髁突处于关节凹中的生理后位。下唇位于上唇的稍后位,上唇结节(或唇珠)略微突起,鼻唇沟和颏唇沟清楚。

  19. 牙列缺失后: 常出现习惯性下颌前伸,下唇移至上唇的前面,上唇明显塌陷,唇部皮肤显露出放射状皱纹,有的口角下垂,面部下1/3变短,鼻唇沟加深,颏唇沟变浅,患者呈现苍老面容。

  20. 全口义齿应尽量恢复拔牙前的面容 • 合适的面部下 1/3 高度----垂直颌位关系 • 髁状突在关节凹的生理后位----水平颌位关系

  21. (一)垂直颌位关系 • 垂直距离 vertical dimension(VD) 咬合垂直距离occlussal VD 息止颌位垂直距离rest jaw positional VD • 颌间距离 interarch dimension

  22. 1.确定垂直颌位关系的方法 (1)利用息止牙合间隙法 (2)参照面部比例法 (3)参照面部外形法 (4)参照拔牙前记录法

  23. 2.垂直距离恢复不正确的影响 ⑴ 垂直距离恢复过大 ⑵ 垂直距离恢复过小

  24. (二) 水平颌位关系 1. 哥特氏弓(Gothic arch)描记法

  25. 口外描记法

  26. 口内描记法

  27. 2. 直接咬合(Checkbite)法 (1)卷舌后舔法:后卷舌并舔抵蜡球 (2)吞咽咬合法:吞咽动作 (3)后牙咬合法:嘱咬后牙区域

  28. 3.肌监控仪(Myo-monitor)法 通过肌监控仪消除肌肉疲劳和紧张,再用直接咬合法确定正中关系位。

  29. (三) 确定垂直距离和正中关关系位记录的操作步骤

  30. 1. 托(bite plate) (1)组成:基托 堤 (2)材料:树脂----不易变形,固位好 基托蜡片----简便,固位差 虫胶板----不易变形,固位较差

  31. (3)制作

  32. (4)要求 平面 上唇下缘露出2mm 平行于瞳孔连线 平行于鼻翼耳屏线 堤 前牙区6mm宽 后牙区 8--10mm宽

  33. 思考题 • 什么是垂直距离和颌间距离? • 确定垂直距离的方法有哪些? • 确定正中关系位的方法有几种? • 架的结构与人体相应解剖位置的关系?

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