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Domain Bacteria

Domain Bacteria. Domain Archaea. Domain Eukarya. Common ancestor. Kingdom: Animals. Domain Eukarya VERTEBRATES!!!. PHYLUM = Chordata. CHARACTERISTICS: NOTOCHORD PHARYNGEAL POUCHES POST ANAL TAIL DORSAL NERVE CORD. hollow dorsal nerve cord.

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Domain Bacteria

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  1. Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Kingdom: Animals Domain Eukarya VERTEBRATES!!!

  2. PHYLUM = Chordata CHARACTERISTICS: NOTOCHORD PHARYNGEAL POUCHES POST ANAL TAIL DORSAL NERVE CORD hollow dorsal nerve cord becomes brain & spinal cord becomes gills or Eustachian tube pharyngeal pouches becomes vertebrae postanal tail becomes tail or tailbone notochord

  3. fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals SUBPHYLUM = VERTEBRATA • VERTEBRATE CHARACTERISTICS: • ALL CHORDATE CHARACTERISTICS PLUS: • Bones or cartilage around a dorsal nerve cord • Cranium (skull) to protect brain • Endoskeleton made of bone or cartilage • Closed circulatory system

  4. NOTOCHORD Notochord: flexible rod Helps organize developing cells in embryo Replaced by spinal cord in most vertebrates Becomes the vertebrae

  5. DORSAL NERVE CORDVENTRAL HEARTSpinal cord forms along dorsal side

  6. PHARYNGEAL POUCHES Become gills in some vertebrates Become back of throat and inner ears in humans

  7. POST ANAL TAIL

  8. Human Embryo32 days old Pharyngeal arches appear during 4th week Tail disappears at approximately 8 weeks

  9. Characteristics • body structure • bony OR cartilaginous skeleton • Scales, fins • Lungs/swim bladder • body function • gills for gas exchange • two-chambered heart; single loop blood circulation • ectotherms • reproduction • external fertilization • external development in aquatic egg 450 mya salmon, trout, sharks Vertebrates: Fish gills body

  10. Humerus Femur Ulna Pelvis Shoulder Tibia Radius Lobe-finned fish Fibula Femur Pelvis Humerus Shoulder Radius Tibia Ulna Fibula Early amphibian Evolution of tetrapods Transition to Land Evidence suggests lobe finned fish are ancestors of amphibians

  11. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/news/tiktaalik_reconstruction.jpghttp://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/news/tiktaalik_reconstruction.jpg Intermediate between fish and early tetrapods Fins have basic wrist bones and simple fingers Earliest fish with a neck Discovered by Neil Shubin and Ted Daeschler in 2004 TIK-TAALIK

  12. lung buccal cavity glottis closed • Characteristics • body structure • legs (tetrapods) • Thin, moist skin • body function • lungs (positive pressure) & diffusion through skin for gas exchange • three-chambered heart/2 loops • Ectotherms • Excrete UREA • reproduction • external fertilization • external development in aquatic egg • metamorphosis (tadpole to adult) 350 mya frogs salamanders toads Vertebrates: Amphibian

  13. leathery shell embryo amnion chorion allantois yolk sac • Characteristics • Dry, scaly skin • body function • lungs for gas exchange • three-chambered heart/2 loops (except crocodilians) • ectotherms • excrete URIC ACID • reproduction • INTERNAL fertilization • external development- AMNIOTIC egg 250 mya dinosaurs, turtles lizards, snakes alligators, crocodile Vertebrates: Reptiles

  14. IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT AMNIOTIC EGG- reptiles didn’t have to return to water to lay eggs amnion -bag of waters; the extraembryonic membrane of birds, reptiles, and mammals, which lines the chorion and contains the fetus and the amniotic fluid http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/amnions http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/27/117227-050-E1C9ABEE.jpg

  15. lung trachea anterior air sacs posterior air sacs • Characteristics • body structure • feathers & wings • thin, hollow bone;flight skeleton • body function • very efficient lungs & air sacs • four-chambered heart/2 loops • endotherms • excrete URIC ACID • reproduction • INTERNAL fertilization • external development in AMNIOTIC egg 150 mya finches, hawk ostrich, turkey Vertebrates: Birds

  16. muscles contract diaphragm contracts • Characteristics • body structure • hair • specialized teeth • body function • lungs, diaphragm; negative pressure • four-chambered heart/2 loops • endotherms • reproduction • internal fertilization • internal development in uterus • nourishment through placenta • birth live young • mammary glands make milk 220 mya / 65 mya mice, ferret elephants, batswhales, humans Vertebrates: Mammals

  17. Sub-groups • monotremes • egg-laying mammals • duckbilled platypus, echidna • marsupials • pouched mammals • short-lived placenta • koala, kangaroo, opossum • placental • true placenta • shrews, bats, whales, humans Vertebrates: Mammals

  18. Which vertebrates lay eggs with shells? Which vertebrates are covered with scales? What adaptations do birds have for flying? What kind of symmetry do all vertebrates have? Which vertebrates are ectothermic and which are endothermic? Why must amphibians live near water? What reproductive adaptations made mammals very successful? What characteristics distinguish the 3 sub-groups of mammals? Vertebrate quick check…

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