Late Gothic: England

1. Late Gothic: England

2. Early English 1190-1290 English Decorated Gothic 1290-1350 Perpendicular Style 1350-1500 Intermittent French influence here: Early Gothic Rayonnant

3. Political map of England - 1066 Political map of England - 1259

4. I. Alternate forms of Gothicness seen in Early Gothic England • Wells Cathedral, 1180-1240, additions to 1340

5. I. Alternate forms of Gothicness seen in Early Gothic England • Wells Cathedral

6. I. Alternate forms of Gothicness seen early in Southwest England Early Gothic nave Decorated style eastern choir • Wells Cathedral

7. I. Alternate forms of Gothicness seen in Early Gothic England Early Gothic nave crossing • Wells Cathedral

8. II. Reception of ideas from the French capital: Gothic in Southeast England Heterogeneity the norm in England Canterbury Cathedral, eastern extension, 1177-84; French William of Sens, architect

9. II. Reception of ideas from the French capital: Gothic in Southeast England Heterogeneity the norm in England Canterbury Cathedral, eastern extension

10. II. Reception of ideas from the French capital: Gothic in Southeast England Early Gothic French influence Canterbury Cathedral, eastern extension

11. II. Reception of ideas from the French capital: Gothic in Southeast England Rayonnant French influence Westminster Abbey, 1250-72

12. II. Reception of ideas from the French capital: Gothic in Southeast England Rayonnant French influence Henry III (r. 1216-71) St.-Denis Westminster Abbey Ste.-Chapelle Reims Cathedral

13. II. Reception of ideas from the French capital: Gothic in Southeast England Rayonnant French influence Westminster Abbey, nave 1250-72

14. II. Reception of ideas from the French capital: Gothic in Southeast England Rayonnant French influence Westminster Abbey, nave 1250-72

15. II. Reception of ideas from the French capital: Gothic in Southeast England Rayonnant French influence Reims Cathedral, France Westminster Abbey, nave 1250-72

16. II. Reception of ideas from the French capital: Gothic in Southeast England Rayonnant French influence Ste.-Chapelle, Paris Westminster Abbey

17. III. Late Gothic English Gothic window tracery types Late Gothic trends across Europe (from Wilson): Fragmentation Decline in the universal church Laicization Indebtedness to lesser building types Late phases of any artistic movement

18. III. Late Gothic: Decorated style Laicization The Eleanor crosses erected by King Edward I between 1291 and 1294 in memory of his wife Eleanor of Castile St. Stephen’s Chapel at Westminster Palace, 1292

19. III. Late Gothic: Decorated style Late style St. Stephen’s Chapel at Westminster Palace, 1292 flowing or curvilinear tracery liernes – short decorative ribs used for the first time in St. Stephen’s Chapel ogee arches

20. III. Late Gothic: Decorated style Octagonal crossing tower of Ely Cathedral, 1322-43

21. III. Late Gothic: Decorated style Laicization Octagonal crossing tower of Ely Cathedral, 1322-43

22. IV. Perpendicular Style English Perpendicular Style, 1350-1500 Gloucester Cathedral, south transept 1331-36

23. IV. Perpendicular Style Gloucester South transept (Decorated style) Gloucester Cathedral, choir b. 1337

24. IV. Perpendicular Style Gloucester Cathedral, choir b. 1337

25. IV. Perpendicular Style Gloucester Cathedral, choir, b. 1337 glazed, open and blind tracery in a single plane arch-enclosing rectangle or “panel” subordination of detail to overall effect arched panel motifs = heavenly mansions (“Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me. In my Father’s house are many mansions” John 14:1)

26. IV. Perpendicular Style Gloucester Cathedral choir: great east window

27. IV. Perpendicular Style tunnel vault with penetrations overlaid with dense mesh of lierne ribs four-centered arch Gloucester Cathedral choir

28. IV. Perpendicular Style Gloucester Cathedral Cloister, 1351-64

29. IV. Perpendicular Style earliest fan vault Gloucester Cathedral Cloister, 1351-64

30. IV. Perpendicular Style vault parity with walls Gloucester Cathedral Cloister, 1351-64

31. IV. Perpendicular Style made with large ashlar blocks instead of ribs and rough masonry Gloucester Cathedral Cloister, 1351-64

32. V. Spread of the perpendicular style as “national” English style Perpendicular style Canterbury Cathedral nave, 1378-1405

33. Authurian romance pretense: chapel more magnificent than a cathedral VI. Late phase of the late perpendicular style Chapel of St. George at Windsor Castle, b. 1475-1511, commissioned by Edward IV

34. VI. Late phase of the late perpendicular style Greater perpendicularity King Edward IV’s Chapel of St. George, Windsor Castle, b. 1475-1511 Flattened four-centered arch

35. VI. Late phase of the late perpendicular style Lady chapel as mausoleum Henry VII Chapel at Westminster Abbey, London, England, 1503-09

36. VI. Late phase of the late perpendicular style Lady chapel as mausoleum Intended mortuary chapel for a canonized Henry VI Henry VII (r. 1485-1509)

37. VI. Late phase of the late perpendicular style “Late” phase further refinement and elaboration Henry VII Chapel, great west window

38. VI. Late phase of the late perpendicular style Henry VII Chapel (figural ornament)

39. VI. Late phase of the late perpendicular style “Late” phase further refinement and elaboration Pendant fan vaults at the Henry VII Chapel Chapel

40. VI. Late phase of the late perpendicular style “Late” phase further refinement and elaboration Henry VII Chapel

41. VI. Late phase of the late perpendicular style Indebtedness to other building types Henry VII’s Richmond Palace, 1501 Henry VII Chapel Henry VII Chapel

42. VI. Late phase of the late perpendicular style Indebtedness to other building types Westminster Hall (1099) hammerbeam roof installed 1397-99 Henry VII Chapel at Westminster pendant fan vault, 1503-09

43. VII. Panofsky’s Gothic Architecture + Scholasticism thesis 1957 1967 in French; Eng. trans. 2005

44. VII. Panofsky’s Gothic Architecture + Scholasticism thesis Unity of 13th-century civilization thoughts of theologians designs of architects habitus system of internalized schemes that have the capacity to generate all the thoughts, perceptions, and actions characteristic of a culture, and nothing else (Bourdieu 2005, 233) modus operandi mental habits mentality

45. VII. Panofsky’s Gothic Architecture + Scholasticism thesis Scholastic thought best represented by summas Encyclopedic content of sculpture on Gothic facades, portals, and stained glass Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica (1265-74) Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, 1211-90

46. VII. Panofsky’s Gothic Architecture + Scholasticism thesis Scholastic mental habits best represented in structure of summas Scholastic thought = Visual logic of Gothic architecture Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica (1265-74) Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, 1211-90

47. VII. Panofsky’s Gothic Architecture + Scholasticism thesis Scholastic mental habits best represented in structure of summas Scholastic thought = Visual logic of Gothic architecture 13th century organization of theological treatises whole parts (partes) smaller partes membra quaestiones(questions) articuli (articles) Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, 1211-90

48. VII. Panofsky’s Gothic Architecture + Scholasticism thesis Two “controlling principles” assimilated as “mental habits” by the architects Scholastic thought = Visual logic of Gothic architecture 1. manifestatio - elucidation or clarification (see discussion questions for more) 2. concordantia (Latin) – reconciliation, pattern for considering problems in relationship to conflicting authority of the past. Question (quaestio) followed by: videtur quod sed contra respondeodicendum (see discussion questions for more) Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, 1211-90

49. VII. Panofsky’s Gothic Architecture + Scholasticism thesis videtur quod,sed contra,respondeodicendum “it is seen that,” “but on the contrary,” “I answer saying that . . .” 2. concordantia (Latin) – reconciliation, pattern for considering problems in relationship to conflicting authority of the past. Question (quaestio) followed by: videtur quod sed contra respondeodicendum (see discussion questions for more) Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica (1265-74)